PURE MATHEMATICS

MARKING GUIDE`
UTEC 2025
NO SOLUTION MKS COMMENT
1 tan 3𝜃 = cot 𝜃
sin 3𝜃 cos 𝜃
=
cos 3𝜃 sin 𝜃

cos 3𝜃 cos 𝜃 = sin 3𝜃 sin 𝜃

cos 3𝜃 cos 𝜃 − sin 3𝜃 sin 𝜃 = 0
cos(3𝜃 + 𝜃) = 0
cos 4𝜃 = 0
4𝜃 = cos−1 (0)
4𝜃 = 900 , 2700 , 4500 , 6300
𝜃 = 22.50 , 67.50 , 112.50 , 157.50
ALT:
tan 3𝜃 = cot 𝜃
sin 3𝜃 cos 𝜃
=
cos 3𝜃 sin 𝜃

cos 3𝜃 cos 𝜃 = sin 3𝜃 sin 𝜃

1 1
(cos 4𝜃 + cos 2𝜃) = − (cos 4𝜃 − cos 2𝜃)
2 2

2 cos 4𝜃 = 0
4𝜃 = cos−1 (0)
4𝜃 = 900 , 2700 , 4500 , 6300
𝜃 = 22.50 , 67.50 , 112.50 , 157.50
05
2 When 𝑥 = 2; 𝑦 = 2 ln(4 − 3) = 0 ∴ (2, 0)
From 𝑦 = 𝑥 ln(𝑥 2 − 3)
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥
=𝑥∙ + ln(𝑥 2 − 3) ∙ 1
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 −3
2𝑥 2
= + ln(𝑥 2 − 3)
𝑥 2 −3

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 𝑑𝑦 8
At (2, 0); = + ln(4 − 3)
𝑑𝑥 4−3

=8
Equation of the tangent;
𝑦−0
=8
𝑥−2

∴ 𝑦 = 8𝑥 − 16
05
3 For 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 10 = 0
3 5 3 5
𝑦 = − 𝑥 − , 𝑚 = − , 𝑐1 = −
4 2 4 2

For 6𝑥 + 8𝑦 − 5 = 0
3 5 5
𝑦 = − 𝑥 + , 𝑐2 =
4 8 8
|𝑐2 −𝑐1 |
Using distance, 𝑑 =
√1+𝑚2
5 5
|8 + 2 |
= 2
√1+(−3)
4

25 4
= ×
8 5

= 2.5 units
05
4 ∫2
3 (1−𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥 = ∫2
3 𝑥 2 −2𝑥+1
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 +1 𝑥 2 +1

3 (1−𝑥)2 3 3 2𝑥
 ∫2 𝑑𝑥 = ∫2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 +1 1+𝑥 2
3 3

= [ 𝑥 ] − [ln(1 + 𝑥 2 )]
2 2

= (3 − 2) − (ln 10 − ln 5)
10
= 1 − ln ( )
5

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 = 1 − ln 2
05
5 Let 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 be the remainder;
P(𝑥) =Q(𝑥)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2) + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
P(𝑥) =Q(𝑥)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1) + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
When 𝑥 = 2; P(2) = 7
P(2) = 2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 7
2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 7……………(i)
When 𝑥 = −1; P(−1) = 1
P(−1) = −𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1
−𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1………….(ii)
(i)−(ii); 3𝑎 = 6
𝑎=2
From (i); 4 + 𝑏 = 7
𝑏=3
∴ 2𝑥 + 3 is the remainder.
05
6 Let 𝑦 = √𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
=
𝑑𝑥 2√𝑥
𝛿𝑦 𝑑𝑦
≈
𝛿𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝛿𝑦 ≈ ∙ 𝛿𝑥
𝑑𝑥
1
≈ ∙ 𝛿𝑥
2 √𝑥

Set 𝑥 = 1.44, 𝛿𝑥 = 0.01

1
𝛿𝑦 ≈ × 0.01
2√1.44

≈ 0.004166667
 √1.45 ≈ 𝑦 + 𝛿𝑦
≈ 1.2 + 0.004166667

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 ≈ 1.204166667
≈ 1.20417 (5 dps)
05
7 𝑥−1−
2𝑥
≤0
𝑥+2
(𝑥−1)(𝑥+2)−2𝑥
≤0
𝑥+2
𝑥 2 −𝑥−2
≤0
𝑥+2
(𝑥−2)(𝑥+1)
≤0
𝑥+2

Critical values;
𝑥 = 2, −2, −1
𝑥 𝑥 < −2 −2 < 𝑥 ≤ −1 −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 𝑥≥2
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1) + + − +
𝑥+2 − + + +
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1) − + − +
𝑥+2

∴ The solution set is 𝑥 < 2 or −1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2

05
8 Consider the diagram below

𝜃 + 𝜃2 = 𝜃1
𝜃 = 𝜃1 − 𝜃2
From trigonometry;
tan 𝜃 = tan(𝜃1 − 𝜃2 )
tan 𝜃1 −tan 𝜃2
tan 𝜃 =
1+tan 𝜃1 tan 𝜃2

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 𝑚1−𝑚2
tan 𝜃 =
1+𝑚1 𝑚2
𝑚1 −𝑚2
𝜃 = tan−1 | |
1+𝑚1 𝑚2

05
9 (a) let √3 cos 2𝜃 + sin 2𝜃 ≡Rcos(2𝜃 − 𝛼)
√3 cos 2𝜃 + sin 2𝜃 ≡ (𝑅 cos 𝛼) cos 2𝜃 + (𝑅 sin 𝛼 ) sin 2𝜃
Comparing coefficients of;
cos 2𝜃 ; 𝑅 cos 𝛼 = √3……………(i)
sin 2𝜃 ; 𝑅 sin 𝛼 = 1………………(ii)
1
(ii)÷(i); tan 𝛼 =
√3
1
𝛼 = tan−1 ( )
√3

= 300
(𝑅 cos 𝛼 )2 + (𝑅 sin 𝛼)2 = 3 + 1
𝑅2 = 4
𝑅=2
∴ √3 cos 2𝜃 + sin 2𝜃 =2cos(2𝜃 − 300 )
Hence;
2 cos(2𝜃 − 300 ) = √3
√ 3
cos(2𝜃 − 300 ) =
2

√3
2𝜃 − 300 = cos−1 ( )
2

2𝜃 − 300 = −300 , 300 , 3300 , 3900

2𝜃 = 00 , 600 , 3600 , 4200
𝜃 = 00 , 300 , 1800 , 2100
(b) Consider a triangle ABC inscribed in a circle of radius
R.
Considering ∆ABN;
𝑎
sin 𝐴 =
2𝑅
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 𝑎
 = 2𝑅
sin 𝐴

Hence;
6
2𝑅 =
sin 53.130

R= 3.75 𝑐𝑚
12
10 (a)

𝐴 = ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝜋⁄
= ∫0 4 sin 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝜋
1 4
= [− cos 2𝑥]
2 0
1
= − (0 − 1)
2
1
= or 0.5
2

(b) consider a straight line 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥

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 𝑟
(c) 𝑚 =
ℎ
𝑟𝑥
𝑦=
ℎ

V= 𝜋 ∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
ℎ 𝑟 2 𝑥2
= 𝜋 ∫0 𝑑𝑥
ℎ2
ℎ
𝜋𝑟 2 𝑥 3
= [ ]
ℎ2 3 0

𝜋𝑟 2
= ( ℎ 3 − 0)
3ℎ2
1
∴V= 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
3

12
𝑛
11 (a) From 𝑠𝑛 = (2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑)
2
𝑛
= 𝑎𝑛 + (𝑛𝑑 − 𝑑)
2
𝑑 𝑑
= (𝑎 − ) 𝑛 + 𝑛2
2 2

By comparing coefficients of;

𝑑
𝑛2 ; =4
2

𝑑=8
𝑑
𝑛; 𝑎 − = 6
2

𝑎−4=6
𝑎 = 10
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 ALT:
From 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑠𝑛 − 𝑠(𝑛−1)
𝑢𝑛 = 4𝑛2 + 6𝑛 − [4(𝑛 − 1)2 + 6(𝑛 − 1)]
𝑢𝑛 = 4𝑛2 + 6𝑛 − [4(𝑛2 − 2𝑛 + 1) + 6𝑛 − 6]
𝑢𝑛 = 4𝑛2 + 6𝑛 − 4𝑛2 + 4𝑛 + 2
𝑢𝑛 = 8𝑛 + 2
𝑎 = 𝑢1
𝑎 = 8(1) + 2 = 10
𝑢2 = 8(2) + 2 = 18
Common difference, 𝑑 = 18 − 10 = 8

(ii) 𝑠𝑛 < 1000

𝑛
(2 × 10 + (𝑛 − 1) × 8) < 1000
2

𝑛(20 + 8𝑛 − 8) < 2000

12𝑛 + 8𝑛2 < 2000
8𝑛2 + 12𝑛 − 2000 < 0
3
𝑛2 + 𝑛 − 250 < 0
2

3 2 9
(𝑛 + ) − − 250 < 0
4 4

3 2 1009
(𝑛 + ) <
4 4

3 1009
𝑛<− +√
4 4

𝑛 < 15.13238017
∴ 𝑛 = 15

(b) let 𝑓(𝑥) = cos 𝑥 ; 𝑓(0) = 1

𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = − sin 𝑥 ; 𝑓 ′ (0) = 0
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = − cos 𝑥 ; 𝑓 ′′ (0) = −1
𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥) = sin 𝑥 ; 𝑓 ′′′ (0) = 0

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 𝑓 ′′′′ (𝑥) = cos 𝑥 ; 𝑓 ′′′′ (0) = 1
𝑥 2 𝑓′′ (0) 𝑥 3 𝑓′′′ (0)
Using 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑓(0) + 𝑥𝑓 ′ (0) + + +⋯
2! 3!
1 1
 cos 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑥 + 𝑥4 + ⋯
2 24
𝜋
Putting 𝑥 = 90 =
20

0 1 𝜋 1 𝜋 4
cos 9 ≈ 1 − ( ) + ( )
2 20 24 20

≈ 0.92148555
≈ 0.921(3 dps)
12
12 2 3
(a) let 𝒅1 = (−1) , 𝒅2 = (2)
3 1
𝒅1 ∙ 𝒅2 = |𝒅1 | |𝒅2 | cos 𝜃
2 3
(−1) ∙ (2) = √22 + (−1)2 + 32 √32 + 22 + 12 cos 𝜃
3 1
6 − 2 + 3 = √14 √14 cos 𝜃
7 = 14 cos 𝜃
7
𝜃 = cos−1 ( )
14

𝜃 = 600

(b) 𝑛 = 𝒅1 ∧ 𝒅2
𝒊 −𝒋 𝒌
= |2 −1 3|
3 2 1
−1 3 2 3 2 −1
=| |𝒊 − | |𝒋 + | |𝒌
2 1 3 1 3 2
= −7𝒊 + 7𝒋 + 7𝒌
𝒓∙𝒏=𝒂∙𝒏
𝑥 −7 3 −7
(𝑦) ∙ ( 7 ) = (1) ∙ ( 7 )
𝑧 7 4 7

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 −7𝑥 + 7𝑦 + 7𝑧 = −21 + 7 + 28
−7𝑥 + 7𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 14
∴ 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = −2
12
13

2𝑎𝑡1 −2𝑎𝑡2
Grad PQ =
𝑎𝑡12 −𝑎𝑡22

2𝑎(𝑡1 −𝑡2 )
=
𝑎(𝑡1 −𝑡2 )(𝑡1 +𝑡2 )
2
=
𝑡1 +𝑡2

Equation;
𝑦−2𝑎𝑡1 2
=
𝑥−𝑎𝑡12 𝑡1 +𝑡2

(𝑡1 + 𝑡2 )𝑦 − 2𝑎𝑡12 − 2𝑎𝑡1 𝑡2 = 2𝑥 − 2𝑎𝑡12

∴ 2𝑥 − (𝑡1 + 𝑡2 )𝑦 + 2𝑎𝑡1 𝑡2 = 0
(b) at S(𝑎, 0); 2𝑎 − (𝑡1 + 𝑡2 )0 + 2𝑎𝑡1 𝑡2 = 0
2𝑎 + 2𝑎𝑡1 𝑡2 = 0
∴ 𝑡1 𝑡2 = −1
𝑎
(i) Mid-point , M(𝑥, 𝑦) =M( (𝑡12 + 𝑡22 ), 𝑎(𝑡1 + 𝑡2 ))
2
𝑎
𝑥 = (𝑡12 + 𝑡22 ), 𝑦 = 𝑎 (𝑡1 + 𝑡2 )
2
2𝑥 𝑦
= (𝑡1 + 𝑡2 )2 − 2𝑡1 𝑡2 , = 𝑡1 + 𝑡2
𝑎 𝑎

2𝑥 𝑦 2
= ( ) − 2(−1)
𝑎 𝑎

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 2𝑥 𝑦2
= +2
𝑎 𝑎2

2𝑎𝑥 = 𝑦 2 + 2𝑎2
𝑦 2 = 2𝑎𝑥 − 2𝑎2
∴ 𝑦 2 = 2𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑎 )
1
(ii) gradient of tangent at P, 𝑚1 =
𝑡1
1
Gradient of tangent at Q, 𝑚2 =
𝑡2

For perpendicular lines, 𝑚1 × 𝑚2 = −1

1 1
𝑚1 × 𝑚2 = ×
𝑡1 𝑡2
1
=
𝑡1 𝑡2
1
=
−1

= −1
12
14 (a) let 4 − 𝑥 = 4 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑢 2 2
𝑥 𝑢
2 𝜋
𝑥 2 = 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑢
2
𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑢 4 ∞

𝑑𝑥 = 2 cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
∞ 1
 ∫𝜋⁄ ∙ 2 cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2 √4−4𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢
1 ∞ 1
∫ ∙ 2 cos 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2 𝜋⁄ 2 √1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑢
∞

= [𝑢]
𝜋⁄
2
𝜋
=∞−
2

=∞
(b) 𝑦 = sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

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 𝑑𝑦
= sec 𝑥 (sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
∴ = 𝑦 sec 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦 ∙ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 + sec 𝑥 ∙
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= tan 𝑥 + sec 𝑥 ∙
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= (sec 𝑥 + tan 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
∴ =𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

12
15 (a) Let 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦
|𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 − 3 − 4𝑖 | = 5
|(𝑥 − 3) + 𝑖(𝑦 − 4)| = 5

√(𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = 5

(𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = 25
𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + +9 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑦 + 16 = 25
∴ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 − 8𝑦 = 0

(b) let 𝑧 = −8𝑖

|𝑧| = √(−8)2 = 8 units

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 𝜋
Arg(z) = −
2
1⁄ 1⁄ 𝜃+2𝜋𝑘 𝜃+2𝜋𝑘
From 𝑧 𝑛 =𝑟 𝑛 [cos ( ) + 𝑖 sin ( )]
𝑛 𝑛
1⁄ −𝜋+4𝜋𝑘 −𝜋+4𝜋𝑘
=8 3 [cos ( )+ 𝑖 sin ( )]
6 6
𝜋 𝜋
For 𝑘 = 0, 𝑧1 = 2 (cos ( ) − 𝑖 sin ( ))
6 6

√3 1
= 2( − 𝑖)
2 2

= √3 − 𝑖
𝜋 𝜋
For 𝑘 = 1, 𝑧2 = 2 (cos ( ) + 𝑖 sin ( ))
2 2

= 2(0 + 𝑖)
= 2𝑖
7𝜋 7𝜋
For 𝑘 = 2, 𝑧3 = 2 (cos ( ) + 𝑖 sin ( ))
6 6

√3 1
= 2 (− − 𝑖)
2 2

= −√3 − 𝑖

12

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 16 (a) For stationary points; 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥
16
2𝑥 − =0
𝑥2

𝑥3 = 8
𝑥=2
∴ (2,10)
16
 ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (2𝑥 − 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
16
𝑦 = 𝑥2 + +𝑐
𝑥

At point, (2,10);
10 = 4 + 8 + 𝑐
10 = 12 + 𝑐
𝑐 = −2
16
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑥2 + −2
𝑥

(b) let 𝑥 be number of trees cut

𝑑𝑥
∝ √100 − 𝑥
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑘 √100 − 𝑥
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
∫ = ∫ 𝑘 𝑑𝑡
√100−𝑥

−2√100 − 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝑐
When 𝑡 = 0; 𝑥 = 0
−2√100 = 𝑐
𝑐 = −20
−2√100 − 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑡 − 20
When 𝑡 = 10 days, 𝑥 = 36
−2√64 = 10𝑘 − 20
−16 = 10𝑘 − 20
𝑘 = 0.4

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 ∴ −2√100 − 𝑥 = 0.4𝑡 − 20

(ii) When 𝑥 = 64, 𝑡 =?

−2√36 = 0.4𝑡 − 20
0.4𝑡 = 8
𝑡 = 20 days

(ii) When 𝑡 = 25 days

−2√100 − 𝑥 = 0.4 × 25 = −20
√100 − 𝑥 = 5
100 − 𝑥 = 25
𝑥 = 75 trees
75
∴No. of trees cut per day = = 3 trees
25

12

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