DON BOSCO HIGH SCHOOL & JR.
COLLEGE, NAIGAON EAST
FIRST TERM EXAM SOLUTION 2025-2026
SUBJECT: BIOLOGY
STD: XI SCI MARKS: 50
DATE: 13/10/25 TIME: 2 HRS.
Section - A
Q.1. Select and write the correct answer for the following multiple choice questions: [7]
i) (D) Sporozoan
ii) (B) Decay
iii) (D) Double fertilization
iv) (D) Protease
v) (D) Enclosed seed
vi) (A) Dinoflagellate
vii) (C) Talking
Q.2. Answer the following questions: [7]
i) What is the scientific name of the sunflower?
Helianthus annuus L.
ii) Which is the dominant phase in Pteridophytes?
Sporophyte
iii) Give an example of a plant-like Protist.
Diatoms / Dinoflagellates (Gonyaulax) / Euglenoids (Euglena)
iv) In which organ are acinar cells present?
Pancreas
v) How many pairs of salivary glands open into the buccal cavity?
3 pairs
vi) Which type of teeth are maximum in number in the human buccal cavity?
Molars
vii) Define in-situ conservation.
In-situ conservation is defined as the preservation of organisms in their natural habitat — maintaining
and protecting biodiversity in the original place.
Section - B
Attempt any EIGHT of the following questions: [16]
Q.3. Write a short note on Jaundice.
1. Jaundice is a disorder characterized by yellowness of conjunctiva of eyes and skin and whitish stool.
2. It is a sign of abnormal bilirubin metabolism and excretion.
3. Jaundice develops if excessive break down of red blood cells takes place along with increased bilirubin level
than the liver can handle or there is obstruction in the flow of bile from liver to duodenum.
4. Bilirubin produced from breakdown of haemoglobin is either water soluble or fat soluble.
5. Fat soluble bilirubin is toxic to brain cells.
6. There is no specific treatment to jaundice.
7. Supportive care, proper rest are the treatments given to the patient.
Q.4. Draw a neat labelled diagram of Paramoecium.
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Q.5. Jijamata Udyan, the famous zoo in Mumbai has acclimatised the Humbolt penguins. Why should penguins
be acclimatised when kept at a place away from their natural habitat?
Temperature monitored chambers are used to house Humbolt penguins. Their food and habitat are maintained in
accordance with their natural habitat. This has acclimatised them to the zoo's conditions. If such precautions are
not taken, penguins will not be able to survive in Mumbai's hot and humid climate. Because these conditions
will kill penguins, they have been acclimatised.
Q.6. Differentiate between Dicotyledonae and Monocotyledonae.
Q.7. Identify the plant groups on the basis of following features.
i. Seed producing plants - Phanerogams (Angiospermae and Gymnospermae)
ii. Spore producing plants - Cryptogams (Thallophyta, Bryophyta and Pteridophyta)
Q.8. Label the A, B, C, D in the diagram given below.
A - Bile duct, B - Stomach, C - Common hepatic duct, D - Pancreas
Q.9. Explain the role of human beings in biodiversity conservation.
1. Due to rapid increase in human population and industrialization, humans have over utilized natural resources;
leading to degradation of the environment and hence only humans can help conserve the ecosystem.
2. Humans are capable of conserving and improving the quality of nature and thus, can play a major role in
biodiversity conservation.
3. In order to conserve biodiversity and its environmental resources, humans must use the resources rationally
and avoid excessive degradation of environment.
4. Human beings are stakeholders of the environment and need to come together to overcome pollution and
improve the environment quality in order to conserve biodiversity. E.g. Ban or limit on use of harmful products
(plastic, chemicals, etc.) that are toxic to various birds, animals, etc.
5. Human beings also play a role in conservation of biodiversity by establishment of various sites for in situ
(national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves) and ex-situ (botanical gardens, culture collections
and zoological parks) conservation.
Q.10. Write a short note on the Five Kingdom system.
The Five Kingdom System, proposed by Robert Whittaker (1969), classifies all living organisms into five
kingdoms based on their cell type, body organization, mode of nutrition, and reproduction. The five kingdoms
are:
1. Monera: Unicellular, prokaryotic organisms (e.g., bacteria). No true nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
It is an asexual (binary fission) reproduction.
2. Protista: Mostly unicellular, eukaryotic organisms (e.g., amoeba, algae). Show traits of both plants and
animals.
3. Fungi: Multicellular or unicellular, heterotrophic (e.g., yeast, mushrooms). Cell walls contain chitin, and they
decompose organic matter.
4. Plantae: Multicellular, autotrophic (e.g., trees, grass). Perform photosynthesis and have cell walls made of
cellulose.
5. Animalia: Multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms without cell walls. (e.g., insects, mammals).
Reproduce sexually and have complex organ systems. This system helps in understanding the diversity and
evolution of life.
Q.11. Draw a neat labelled diagram of Spirogyra.
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Q.12. At Andaman, authorities do not allow tourists to collect shells from beaches. Why must it be so?
1. Seashells are an important part of the coastal ecosystem and are crucial for the survival of various marine
creatures.
2. They provide material for building nests of birds and also act as a substratum for attachment of algae, sea
grass, sponges and various microbes.
3. Fishes use shells for hiding from predators, whereas hermit crabs use shells as temporary shelters.
4. Removal of seashells from seashores may also indirectly affect the rate of shoreline erosion.
Hence, in an attempt to protect the ecosystem, authorities in Andaman do not allow tourists to collect shells
from beaches
Section - C
Attempt any FOUR of the following questions: [12]
Q.13. Explain the structure and function of the liver.
Structure: Liver is the largest gland of the body. Each lobe of this bilobed gland is covered by thin covering
called Glisson's capsule. This capsule is made up of connective tissue. Each lobe is divided into several
structural and functional units of liver called hepatic lobules. Each hepatic lobule is polygonal in shape. At the
junction of adjacent lobules a triangular portal area is present. In this portal area a branch of each of hepatic
artery, hepatic portal vein and bile duct is present. A lobule consist of cords of hepatic cells which are arranged
around a central vein. In between the cords of hepatic cells, spaces called sinusoids are present through which
the blood flows. In the sinusoids, phagocytic cells called Kupffer cells are present.
Functions: These cells destroy toxic substances, dead and worn-out blood cells and microorganisms. Hepatic
cells produce bile juice. It is collected and carried through bile duct and stored in sac like gall bladder. The duct
of the gall bladder and hepatic duct together form common bile duct. Bile juice secreted by liver emulsifies fats
and makes food alkaline. Liver stores excess of glucose in the form of glycogen. Deamination of excess amino
acids to ammonia and its further conversion to urea takes place in liver. It is also involved in synthesis of
vitamins A, D, K and B12. Liver also produces blood proteins like prothrombin and fibrinogen. During early
development, liver acts as haemopoietic organ. Kupffer cells help in detoxification process and destruction of
old RBCs.
Q.14. Distinguish between botanical gardens, zoological park and biodiversity park with reference to their
characteristics.
Q.15. Explain heterocrine nature of pancreas with the help of histological structure.
1. The pancreas is a leaf-shaped heterocrine gland present in the gap formed by a bend of the duodenum under
the stomach.
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2. The exocrine part of the pancreas is made up of acini, the acinar cells secrete alkaline pancreatic juice that
contains various digestive enzymes.
3. Pancreatic juice is collected and carried to the duodenum by the pancreatic duct.
4. The common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct to form the hepato-pancreatic duct. It opens into the
duodenum.
5. The opening of the hepato-pancreatic duct is guarded by the sphincter of Oddi.
6. The endocrine part of the pancreas is made up of islets of Langerhans situated between the acini.
7. It contains three types of cells α-cells which secrete glucagon, β-cells which secret insulin and δ cells secrete
somatostatin hormone.
8. Glucagon and insulin together control the blood sugar level.
9. Somatostatin hormone inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion.
Q.16. Why is binomial nomenclature important?
1. The binomials are simple, meaningful, and precise.
2. They are standard since they do not change from place to place.
3. These names avoid confusion and uncertainty created by local or vernacular names.
4. The organisms are known by the same name throughout the world.
5. Binomials are easy to understand and remember.
6. It indicates phylogeny (evolutionary history) of organisms. 7. It helps to understand the inter-relationship
between organisms.
Q.17. What are the salient features of monera?
i. Size: The organisms included in this kingdom are microscopic, unicellular, and prokaryotic.
ii. Occurrence: These are omnipresent. They are found in all types of environment which are not generally
inhabited by other living beings.
iii. Nucleus: These organisms do not have a well-defined nucleus. DNA exists as a simple double-stranded
circular single chromosome called a nucleoid. Apart from the nucleoid they often show the presence of
extrachromosomal DNA which is a small circular called plasmids.
iv. Cell wall: Cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan (also called murein) which is a polymer of sugars and
amino acids.
v. Membrane-bound cell organelles: Membrane-bound cell organelles like mitochondria, chloroplast,
endoplasmic reticulum are absent. Ribosomes are present, which are smaller in size (the 70S) than in eukaryotic
cells.
vi. Nutrition: The majority are heterotrophic, parasitic, or saprophytic in nutrition. Few are autotrophic that can
be either photoautotrophs or chemoautotrophs.
vii. Reproduction: The mode of reproduction is asexual or with the help of binary fission or budding. Very
rarely, sexual reproduction occurs by the conjugation method.
Q.18. Explain the structure of a tooth.
1. A tooth consists of the portion that projects above the gum called crown and the root that is made up of two
or three projections which are embedded in gum.
2. A short neck connects the crown with the root.
3. The crown is covered by the hardest substance of the body called enamel, which is made up of calcium
phosphate and calcium carbonate.
4. Basic shape of tooth is derived from dentin which is a calcified connective tissue.
5. The dentin encloses the pulp cavity. It is filled with connective tissue pulp. It contains blood vessels and
nerves.
6. Pulp cavity has extension in the root of the tooth called root canal.
7. The dentin of the root of tooth is covered by cementum, which is a bone like substance that attaches the root
to the surrounding socket in the gum.
8. We have four different types of teeth hence, we are heterodont. Types of teeth are incisors (1), canines (C),
premolars (PM) and molars (M). Each half of each jaw has two incisors, one canine, two premolars and three
molars.
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Section - D
Attempt any TWO of the following questions: [8]
Q.19. Explain the structure of the Alimentary canal in detail.
The Alimentary Canal is a long tubular passage (~8–10 m) from mouth to anus.
1. Mouth (Buccal Cavity): Bounded by lips, cheeks, palate and floor by tongue; lined by mucous
membrane; salivary glands open here.
2. Teeth: 32 in adults; thecodont (fixed in sockets), diphyodont (milk & permanent), heterodont (4 types –
incisors, canines, premolars, molars; 2 I, 1 C, 2 PM, 3 M in each half-jaw).
3. Tongue: Muscular, triangular; upper surface bears papillae with taste buds.
4. Pharynx: Common passage for food & air; epiglottis prevents food entering trachea; opens into
oesophagus.
5. Oesophagus: ~25 cm muscular tube; peristalsis pushes food to stomach.
6. Stomach: ‘J’-shaped (~25–30 cm), with cardia, fundus, body, pylorus; cardiac sphincter prevents
backflow, pyloric sphincter regulates food passage to intestine; churns and stores food.
7. Small Intestine: ~6 m long; coiled and held by mesenteries;
○ Duodenum: U-shaped (~26 cm)
○ Jejunum: ~2.5 m
○ Ileum: ~3.5 m; opens into caecum at ileocaecal junction.
8. Large Intestine: ~1.5 m long; wider;
○ Caecum: blind sac with symbiotic microbes; vermiform appendix is vestigial.
○ Colon: ascending, transverse, descending.
○ Rectum: stores faeces.
9. Anus: terminal opening; guarded by sphincter; expels waste (egestion).
Q.20. How can you, as an individual, prevent the loss of Biodiversity?
1. Each person needs to protect plants and animals on their own.
2. Making posters that provide more information about biodiversity conservation to raise public awareness.
3. Increased support and/or active participation in government policies and actions laid down for conservation
of biodiversity.
4. Protect various plant and animal species in our surrounding.
5. Set up bird and bat houses wherever possible.
6. Prevent felling of trees, especially native plants or trees in a particular area.
7. Reduce, recycle and reuse resources. Especially, reduce pollution and use of plastic bags and other materials
that are potential threats for the environment.
8. Use environment friendly products, segregate and dispose of garbage correctly.
9. Convince people about the importance of trees and the need to participate in tree plantation campaign.
10. Obey the rules that fall under Biodiversity Act
Q.21. Identify the following diagrams and write in detail about them.
i. 1. Euglena is the given organism.
2. It's a Protista with flagellated flagella. It is a member of the Euglenoids group.
3. Euglenoids are heterotrophic flagellates that can also function as autotrophs
4. It has two flagella, one of which is short and the other of which is long.
5. Due to the presence of photoreceptors and photosynthetic pigments, it can perform photosynthesis in the
presence of light.
ii. 1. Mucor is a fungus that belongs to the Kingdom Fungi and the class Phycomycetes.
2. They are decomposers and thus thrive in damp, moist environments on decaying organic matter.
3. The body is made up of horizontally spreading hyphae.
4. Sporangiophore with sporangium at their tips can be seen on the hyphae.
5. They release spores, which aid in the asexual reproductive process.
