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B.E. (Computer Science & Engineering) Eighth Semester (C.B.S.)

Elective-IV : Digital Image Processing

P. Pages : 2 NRT/KS/19/3697
Time : Three Hours *0701* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Solve Question 1 OR Questions No. 2.
3. Solve Question 3 OR Questions No. 4.
4. Solve Question 5 OR Questions No. 6.
5. Solve Question 7 OR Questions No. 8.
6. Solve Question 9 OR Questions No. 10.
7. Solve Question 11 OR Questions No. 12.
8. Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate dimensions.
9. Assume suitable data whenever necessary.
10. Illustrate your answers whenever necessary with the help of neat sketches.

1. a) Explain the various elements of digital image processing system with a suitable diagram. 7

b) Discuss various spatial transformations with suitable diagrams and discuss their effects. 7

OR

2. a) What is the basic difference between image processing and audio signal processing? 7

b) What do you mean by resolution of an image? Relate resolution with processing time and 7
communication cost.

3. a) How can we perform the conversion of image in RGB color model into CMY model? 7

b) What do you mean by grayscale transform of an image? How can you implement lookup 7
table for light and contrast modification.

OR

4. a) What do you mean by image histogram? What could be possible comment that can be 7
made about quality of an image by looking at histogram of that image?

b) Discuss the following histogram technique for image enhancement. 7

- Histogram specification
- Local enhancement

5. a) Discuss smoothening spatial filters? 6

b) Discuss following with respect to DFT. 7

- Separability
- FFT

OR

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6. a) Discuss any one filter for image sharpening in frequency domain. 6

b) Explain the process of high pass and low pass filtering in frequency domain. 7

7. a) Discuss the method of constrained least square filtering and compare its performance with 7
Weiner filtering?

b) Explain and compare mean square error filtering with inverse filtering. 6

OR

8. a) What are different types of noise in image processing? Explain additive and salt-pepper 6
noise.

b) Discuss one compression technique which would be efficient to compress data with long 7
sequence of repeated characters.

9. a) With suitable example explain Arithmetic coding and decoding. Discuss average bits 7
required for the same.

b) Explain the boundary representation of object and chain codes. 6

OR

10. a) Explain following descriptors. 6

- Regional descriptors
- Simple descriptors

b) What is the need for image segmentation? Discuss any one segmentation algorithm in 7
detail.

11. a) Draw and explain block diagram of JPEG encoder and decoder. 7

b) Explain Bit plain coding technique. 6

OR

12. a) Write short note on- 6

- Content based image retrieval
- Authentication and digital watermarking.

b) Explain sharpening and smoothing filters in spatial domain. What properties these masks 7
must satisfy.

**************

NRT/KS/19/3697 2

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B.E. (Computer Science & Engineering) Eighth Semester (C.B.S.)
Elective - IV : Digital Image Processing

P. Pages : 2 NJR/KS/18/4753
Time : Three Hours *0626* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Solve Question 1 OR Questions No. 2.
3. Solve Question 3 OR Questions No. 4.
4. Solve Question 5 OR Questions No. 6.
5. Solve Question 7 OR Questions No. 8.
6. Solve Question 9 OR Questions No. 10.
7. Solve Question 11 OR Questions No. 12.
8. Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate dimensions.
9. Assume suitable data whenever necessary.
10. Illustrate your answers whenever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
11. Use of non programmable calculator is permitted.

1. a) Explain image sampling & quantization with suitable example. 7

b) Explain basic relationship between pixels. 7

OR

2. a) Explain the piecewise-Linear transformation function. Explain each in brief. 7

b) Define digital image processing and give the application of digital image processing. 7

3. a) Explain the following terms. 6

a) Histogram processing.

b) Histogram equalization

c) Histogram specification

b) Explain smoothing & Sharpening of spatial filter. 7

OR

4. a) Image is given of 64x64 pixel with gray level. Equalize histogram of it. 7

b) Explain different color model with suitable diagram. 6

5. a) Explain properties of 2D-DFT. 7

b) Explain image smoothing using frequency domain. 6

OR

NJR/KS/18/4753 1 P.T.O
6. a) Explain homomorphic filtering in frequency domain. 7

b) Explain term image transformation. 6

7. a) What do you mean by degradation? Give degradation process model for a continuous 7
function giving relevant mathematical support.

b) Write short note on Image Restoration and Image Reconstruction. 7

OR

8. a) Write short note on constrained least square filtering. 7

b) Explain periodic Noise reduction technique by frequency domain filtering. 7

9. a) Explain briefly about how different transforms are selected in image compression. Explain 8
with example.

b) Explain Digital Image watermarking. 5

OR

10. a) What do you mean by Huffman coding. How average length will be calculated for the 7
following string. "Clean Nagpur Green Nagpur".

b) Explain LZW coding with example. 6

11. a) Explain region growing, splitting? Merging. 7

b) Explain chain codes with suitable example. 6

OR

12. a) Explain skeleton & shape numbers in detail. 7

b) Explain carry Edge detector. 6

***********

NJR/KS/18/4753 2
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B.E. (Computer Science & Engineering) Eighth Semester (C.B.S.)

Elective-IV : Digital Image Processing
P. Pages : 2 NRJ/KW/17/4753
Time : Three Hours *0272* Max. Marks : 80
_______________________________________ ______________________________
Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Solve Question 1 OR Questions No. 2.
3. Solve Question 3 OR Questions No. 4.
4. Solve Question 5 OR Questions No. 6.
5. Solve Question 7 OR Questions No. 8.
6. Solve Question 9 OR Questions No. 10.
7. Solve Question 11 OR Questions No. 12.
8. Assume suitable data whenever necessary.
9. Illustrate your answers whenever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
10. Use of non programmable calculator is permitted.

1. a) Explain about Vidicon in details. 7

b) What is sampling and Quantization? Explain the basic idea behind sampling and 6
quantization with the help of diagram.

OR

2. a) Differentiate between 6
i) Photopic vision and scoptopic vision.
ii) Luminance and Reflectance.

b) Consider the image segment shown. Let v = {0,1} and v = {1,3} compute the length of the 7
shortest 4,8, and m path between p & q, if a particular path doesn't exists, explain the reason.
q 
3 1 2 1
2 2 0 2
1 2 1 1
p  1 0 1 2

3. a) What is Histogram. Gray level histogram of an image is given below. 7

Gray Level 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Frequency 400 700 1350 2500 3000 1500 550 0
Compute the gray level histogram of the output image obtained by enhancing the input by
histogram equalization technique.

b) Explain Homomorphic Filtering approach for image enhancement. 7

OR

4. a) What is the purpose of color model in image enhancement? Explain RGB and YIQ color 7
model.

b) Explain Smoothing & sharpening of Spatial Filter. 7

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5. a) Explain Wiener Filtering with constraint restoration. 7

b) Write short note on following Mean filters. 6

i) Arithmetic Mean filter.
ii) Geometric Mean filter.
iii) Harmonic Mean filter.
OR
6. a) Explain important Noise probability Density function in details. 7

b) Explain Spatial transformation as a part of geometric transformation. 6

7. a) Enlist and explain in details the detection of basic discontinuities in a digital image. 7

b) Write short note on image thresholding. 6

OR

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e.c
8. a) Explain the process of region splitting and merging with an example. 7

lin
on
b) What is the role of Hough transform in edge linking. 6

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rtm
9. a) Explain with neat block diagram the working of an image compression model. 7
w.
ww
b) Perform Huffman coding for following: 7
Symbols: S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8
Probability: 0.02 0.15 0.03 0.15 0.05 0.2 0.1 0.3
Determine
i) Average length of code. ii) Entropy of source.
OR
om

10. a) Explain briefly Fidelity Criteria in image compression. 7

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lin

b) Explain the different type of data redundancies in digital image compression. 7

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nu

11. a) Explain chain codes in detail. Find the chain code and shape number of the image in 7
rtm

figure. Also Find the order of the shape number.

w.

[Assume 4-connectivity]
ww

b) Write short note on polygonal approximation. 6

OR

12. a) Explain skeleton and shape numbers in detail. 7

b) Explain boundary segmentation. 6

*********

NRJ/KW/17/4753 2

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 B.E.Eighth Semester (Computer Science & Engineering) (C.B.S.)
Elective - IV : Digital Image Processing

P. Pages : 2 NKT/KS/17/7615
Time : Three Hours *0743* Max. Marks : 80
_____________________________________________________________________
Notes : 1. Solve Question 1 OR Questions No. 2.
2. Solve Question 3 OR Questions No. 4.
3. Solve Question 5 OR Questions No. 6.
4. Solve Question 7 OR Questions No. 8.
5. Solve Question 9 OR Questions No. 10.
6. Solve Question 11 OR Questions No. 12.
7. Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate dimensions.
8. Assume suitable data whenever necessary.
9. Illustrate your answers whenever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
10. Use of non programmable calculator is permitted.

1. a) Explain Basic relationships between pixels. 6

b) Explain Basics of Intensity Transformations. 8

OR

2. a) Explain how an image is formed for a given continuous image? Discuss various elements 8
of an image processing system.

b) Explain Applications of Digital Image Processing. 6

3. a) Explain the need of histogram equalization Derive the expression for transfer function of 7
histogram equalization. What are the advantage of histogram equalization.

b) Explain smoothing spatial filters. 6

OR

4. a) Explain color image processing with color model. 6

b) Image is given of 64x64 pixel with gray level. Equilise histogram of it. 7

5. a) How image is enhanced in frequency domain. Explain any one method in detail. 8

b) Explain selective filtering in detail. 6

OR

6. a) Explain properties of 2D DFT. 6

b) Explain various filters for image smoothing and sharpening operation. 8

7. a) Explain model of image Restoration process. 7

NKT/KS/17/7615 1 P.T.O
 b) Explain geometric mean filter. 6

OR

8. a) Distinguish between mean square error filtering and constrained least square filtering. 8

b) Explain Restoration of image in the presence Noise only. 5

9. a) Explain Coding Redundancy in detail. 4

b) Explain briefly about how different transforms are selected in image compression. Explain 9
with example.

OR

10. a) Write about Huffman coding. How average length will be calculated? 9

b) Explain Digital Image Watermarking. 4

11. a) Discuss about region based image segmentation technique. Compare it with threshold 8
region based technique.

b) Explain chain codes in detail. 5

OR

12. a) Explain skeleton and shape numbers. 8

b) Explain Canny Edge detector. 5

**********

NKT/KS/17/7615 2