List Functions/Methods in Python
my_list = list([1, 2, 3, 4])
print("1. list() ->", my_list)
print("2. len(my_list) ->", len(my_list))
print("3. count(2) ->", my_list.count(2))
print("4. index(3) ->", my_list.index(3))
my_list.append(5)
print("5. append(5) ->", my_list)
my_list.insert(2, 10)
print("6. insert(2, 10) ->", my_list)
my_list.extend([6, 7, 8])
print("7. extend([6, 7, 8]) ->", my_list)
my_list.remove(10)
print("8. remove(10) ->", my_list)
popped = my_list.pop()
print("9. pop() ->", popped, "Remaining:", my_list)
my_list.reverse()
print("10. reverse() ->", my_list)
numbers = [4, 2, 9, 1, 7]
numbers.sort()
print("11. sort() ->", numbers)
copy_list = numbers.copy()
print("12. copy() ->", copy_list)
numbers.clear()
print("13. clear() ->", numbers)
Tuple Functions/Methods in Python
my_tuple = (10, 20, 30, 20, 40, 50)
print("1. len(my_tuple) ->", len(my_tuple))
print("2. count(20) ->", my_tuple.count(20))
print("3. index(30) ->", my_tuple.index(30))
print("4. sorted(my_tuple) ->", sorted(my_tuple))
print("5. min(my_tuple) ->", min(my_tuple))
print("6. max(my_tuple) ->", max(my_tuple))
t1 = (1, 2, 3)
t2 = (1, 3, 2)
print("7. cmp() replacement ->")
print(" t1 == t2 ?", t1 == t2)
print(" t1 < t2 ?", t1 < t2)
print(" t1 > t2 ?", t1 > t2)
print("8. reversed(my_tuple) ->", tuple(reversed(my_tuple)))
Dictionary Functions/Methods in Python
my_dict = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25, "city": "New York"}
print("Dictionary:", my_dict)
print("Length:", len(my_dict))
print("Get age:", my_dict.get("age"))
my_dict["country"] = "USA"
print("After update:", my_dict)
my_dict.pop("city")
print("After pop('city'):", my_dict)
my_dict.popitem()
print("After popitem():", my_dict)
print("Keys:", my_dict.keys())
print("Values:", my_dict.values())
print("Items:", my_dict.items())
copy_dict = my_dict.copy()
print("Copy:", copy_dict)
copy_dict.clear()
print("After clear():", copy_dict)
Functions in Python
print("1. Built-in Function: len() ->", len([1, 2, 3, 4])) # Counts number of elements
def greet(name):
return f"Hello, {name}!"
print("2. User-defined Function ->", greet("Alice"))
square = lambda x: x**2
print("3. Lambda Function -> square(5) =", square(5))
def factorial(n):
if n == 0 or n == 1:
return 1
else:
return n * factorial(n-1)
print("4. Recursion Function -> factorial(5) =", factorial(5))
Classes and Objects
class Student:
def __init__(self, name, age, roll_no):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.roll_no = roll_no
def display(self):
print(f"Name: {self.name}")
print(f"Age: {self.age}")
print(f"Roll No: {self.roll_no}")
student1 = Student("Alice", 20, 101)
student2 = Student("Bob", 22, 102)
print("Student 1 Details:")
student1.display()
print("\nStudent 2 Details:")
student2.display()
Basics of NumPy Arrays
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print("Array:", arr)
print("Array + 5:", arr + 5)
print("Array * 2:", arr * 2)
print("First element:", arr[0])
print("Last two elements:", arr[-2:])
print("Elements greater than 3:", arr[arr > 3])
Data Manipulation with Pandas
import pandas as pd
data = {
"StudentID": [1, 2, 3, 4],
"Name": ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie", "David"],
"Age": [20, 21, 19, 22],
"Grade": ["A", "B", "A", "C"]
}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
print("1. DataFrame:\n", df, "\n")
print("2. First 2 rows:\n", df.head(2), "\n")
print("3. Names Column:\n", df["Name"], "\n")
print("4. Students with Age > 20:\n", df[df["Age"] > 20], "\n")
df["Passed"] = df["Grade"].apply(lambda x: True if x in ["A", "B"] else False)
print("5. After adding 'Passed' column:\n", df, "\n")
df.drop("Passed", axis=1, inplace=True)
print("6. After deleting 'Passed' column:\n", df, "\n")
print("7. Statistics on Age:")
print(" Mean Age:", df["Age"].mean())
print(" Max Age:", df["Age"].max())
print(" Min Age:", df["Age"].min())
Visualization with Matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
y2 = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
plt.figure(figsize=(8,4))
plt.plot(x, y, color='blue', marker='o', linestyle='-', label='y = 2x')
plt.plot(x, y2, color='red', marker='s', linestyle='--', label='y = 2x - 1')
plt.title("Line Plot Example")
plt.xlabel("X-axis")
plt.ylabel("Y-axis")
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()
plt.figure(figsize=(8,4))
plt.scatter(x, y, color='green', label='y = 2x', s=100) # s=size of markers
plt.scatter(x, y2, color='orange', label='y = 2x - 1', s=100)
plt.title("Scatter Plot Example")
plt.xlabel("X-axis")
plt.ylabel("Y-axis")
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()
