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Automatic Train Control (ATC): Study and Investigation on the Design Rules,
System Architecture and Structure, and Operational Principles in Railway Lines
Article · July 2024
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Automatic Train Control (ATC): Study and Investigation
on the Design Rules, System Architecture and Structure,
and Operational Principles in Railway Lines
Ping Zhuang Lee, Wenxin Yi Tuo, Huai Zhi Duan, Cheng Lee
Wang, Farzaad Soleymaani, and Dinazam Relafos*
*Corresponding Author (E-mail Address: dinazamrelafos@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT.
Automatic train control (ATC) is a general class of the train protection systems for
railways that involves a speed control mechanism in response to external inputs.
For example, a system could affect an emergency brake application if the driver
does not react to a signal at danger. The ATC systems tend to integrate various cab
signalling technologies and they use more granular deceleration patterns in lieu of
the rigid stops encountered with the older automatic train stop (ATS) technology.
The first part of the package of an ATC system is Automatic Train Protection (ATP),
where the train is given a Limit of Movement Authority (LMA). This is based on the
train’s current speed, its braking capability and the distance it can go before it must
stop. On a manually driven train, the driver manages this through a combination of
route and stock knowledge and the visual data received from wayside signals. On
the automated train, the data for the LMA is transmitted from the track to the train
where the on-board computer registers the current speed and calculates the target
speed that the train must reach and by when. This is electronically plotted in the
form of a braking curve. If the train is allowed to exceed the profile of the curve, the
brakes will automatically apply to bring the train to a stand. The second part of an
ATC is Automatic Train Operation (ATO). This is the driving part of the operation.
Looking at a manually driven train, we will see that the driver initiates the starting of
the train, allows its acceleration to the permitted speed, slows it where necessary
for speed restrictions and stops at designated stations in the correct location.
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