Modelling,
Simulation and
Analysis
23AID201
Lecture 1
Dr. Mrittunjoy Guha Majumdar
School of Artificial Intelligence, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham Delhi NCR
About the
Course
Objectives:
• This course intends to provide students with the ability to create and analyze mathematical Dr. Mrittunjoy Guha
models of physical systems using various techniques such as bond graph modeling and
system transfer functions.
Majumdar
Assistant Professor (Sr. Gr.)
• This course aims to equip students with the skills to use simulation tools such as MATLAB to
simulate and analyze the behavior of dynamic systems and validate and verify simulation Chair, Quantum Information and
models. Intelligence Systems Group
• The course aims to develop student’s abilities to apply system analysis and optimization
techniques such as block diagram algebra, signal flow graphs, state variable formulation, PhD from University of Cambridge in
frequency response, and Bode plot, to engineering problems. Quantum Information Processing in
2019
Postdoctoral Fellow at
Harvard University
Indian Institute of Science (IISc)
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
(TIFR)
Certification in Artificial Intelligence
and Machine Learning from the MIT
Stephen A. Schwarzman College of
Computing, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology (MIT)
Modeling refers to the development of a mathematical representation of a physical
situation.
Simulation refers to the procedure of solving the equations that resulted from model
development.
“A model is an idealization. Its relationship to the real problem is like that of the
map of the London tube trains to the real tube systems: a gross simplification, but
one that captures certain essentials.”
- Michael Farries Ashby, University of Cambridge
Empirical and
Conceptual
Mapping of Delhi
Metro Connectivity
The distances and directions are
approximations, coarse-graining
over irrelevant details.
Correct modelling can have
predictive value.
A model is a mathematical statement about a system originally defined and characterized in non-
mathematical terms.
A model can be explicative: able to define the system-in-question in terms of more basic, simpler
processes. There are other systems like the Black-Scholes equation that does not quite do that
when it talks about stocks.
Whether explicative or not, a model inherently is predictive in its nature.
• Statistical Models: Used to explain or predict in probabilistic terms, handling randomness and
cause-effect or prediction in uncertain environments.
• Discrete and Black-box Models: Include methods like optimal scheduling or network routing
(intrinsically discrete), as well as neural nets/genetic algorithms that predict outputs without
explaining inner workings.
• Lumped-parameter Models: Simplify complex systems by representing them with simple,
aggregate descriptions such as spring–dashpot combinations in mechanical modeling.
d by
ine
expla
all
Standard Model Lagrangian
The equation that describes all of
physics except gravity
Chandrayaan 3
Specifications
How did we come to
these specific
parameter values?
Scale-Based Modelling
Negative-Index Metamaterial
Split-Ring
Resonator
Array
…
Tank Filling
•
Thought Problem: Virus Spreading on Campus
% Campus Virus Spread Simulation % Random movement % Recovery chance
N = 50; % total students pos = pos + randn(N,2)*2; rec = (rand(1,N)<0.01) & (state==1);
infected = 1; % initially infected pos = max(min(pos,L),0); state(rec)=2;
steps = 200; % simulation steps
L = 100; % campus grid size % Infection check % Plot
p_infect = 0.4; % infection probability for i=1:N clf;
(no mask)
if state(i)==1
vaccinated = 10; % number vaccinated scatter(pos(state==0,1),pos(state==0,2),'bo')
for j=1:N ; hold on; % Susceptible
if state(j)==0 % susceptible
% States: 0=Susceptible, 1=Infected, scatter(pos(state==1,1),pos(state==1,2),'ro',
2=Recovered, 3=Vaccinated if norm(pos(i,:)-
pos(j,:)) < 3 && rand < p_infect 'filled'); % Infected
state = zeros(1,N);
state(j)=1; %
state(1:infected) = 1; infection spreads scatter(pos(state==2,1),pos(state==2,2),'go')
; % Recovered
state(end-vaccinated+1:end) = 3; end
end scatter(pos(state==3,1),pos(state==3,2),'ko',
'filled'); % Vaccinated
% Positions end
title(['Step ' num2str(t)]);
pos = rand(N,2)*L; end
axis([0 L 0 L]); drawnow;
end
end
for t=1:steps
Thought Problem: Virus Spreading on Campus
•
Module 1
Modelling
(10 Lectures)
Lecture 1: Introduction to Modelling Graph Models
Lecture 2: Modelling of Dynamic Lecture 7: Basic System Models
Systems Lecture 8: Mechanical and Electrical
Lecture 3: Introduction to Simulation Systems
with MATLAB Lecture 9: Pneumatic and Thermal
Lecture 4: Bond Graph Modelling Systems*
Lecture 5: Generation of System Lecture 10: Causality and Bond
Equations Graph Modelling
Lecture 6: Method of Drawing Bond (1 Tutorial Sheet, 1 Assignment, 1 Quiz)
Module 2
Systems Dynamics
(8 Lectures)
Lecture 11: System Models Lecture 15: Robotic Systems*
Lecture 12: Linearity and Non- Lecture 16: Dynamic response of 1st
Linearity and 2nd order systems
Lecture 13: Combined Rotary and Lecture 17: Performance measures
Translatory Systems for 2nd order system
Lecture 14: Hydromechanical Lecture 18: System Transfer
Systems* and Electro-Mechanical Functions
Systems
(1 Tutorial Sheet, 1 Quiz)
Module 3
Control Systems
(12 Lectures)
Lecture 19: Block Diagram Algebra Wheeled Mobile Robots
Lecture 20: Signal Flow Graphs Lecture 26: Validation and Verification of
Simulation Models
Lecture 21: State Variable Formulation
Lecture 27: Parameter Estimation Methods
Lecture 22: Frequency Response and Bode
and Examples
Plots
Lecture 28: System Identification
Lecture 23: Simulation using MATLAB
(Simple and Compound Pendulums) Lecture 29: Introduction to Optimization
Lecture 24: Computational Applications Lecture 30: Optimization with Modeling
with MATLAB Engineering Problems
Lecture 25: Planar Mechanisms and (2 Tutorial Sheets, 1 Assignment)
No Con on Conduct
1. Attendance won’t be given to anyone coming after 10 minutes of official start-of-class time, or to anyone leaving mid-
way. Students disturbing the decorum of the class will be asked to leave.
2. Students are expected to uphold the highest standards of academic integrity. Any form of plagiarism, cheating, or
dishonesty (including using unauthorized resources during exams, copying assignments, or misrepresenting the
work of others) will result in disciplinary actions as per the university's guidelines. Proper citation must be given
when referencing external work, software libraries, or algorithms used in assignments and projects.
3. Collaborative learning is encouraged, but students must respect each other's work. Any collaborative efforts should
be transparent and well-documented, with clear separation of individual contributions.
4. Students are expected to attend all classes, actively participate in discussions, and engage in practical exercises. If
any student has less than 70% attendance in a specific module, then the student will have to appear for a different
quiz, which will be more non-trivial.
5. Respectful and constructive interactions should be maintained, both with peers and instructors. Disruptive behavior,
including inappropriate comments or distractions, will not be tolerated. The course has a strict no-shaming policy.
6. Students are required to submit assignments, projects, and any other coursework on time. Late submissions will
incur penalties (-5% per day of delay) unless expressly allowed by the instructor.
7. Students must ensure that all computational tools, software, and libraries used in assignments or projects are
licensed and authorized for academic use. Unauthorized use of proprietary software or libraries that violate licensing
agreements is prohibited.
8. Any indiscipline during the course that is beyond reasonable consideration will lead to an Open-ChatGPT test, which
will account for 50% of the internal assessment.
Resources
1. Borutzky, Wolfgang, "Bond Graph Modelling of Engineering Systems", Springer,
2011.
2. Esfandiari, Ramin S. and Bei Lu, “Modeling and Analysis of Dynamic Systems”,
CRC Press, 2010.
3. Gardner, John F., Bohdan T. Kulakowski, and J. Lowen Shearer. "Dynamic
Modeling and Control of Engineering Systems." Cambridge University Press; 3rd
edition (2008).
4. Karnopp, Dean C., Donald L. Margolis, and Ronald C. Rosenberg. "System
Dynamics: Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Mechatronic Systems." Wiley; 5th
edition (2012).
5. Lennart, L. and Torkel, G., “Modeling of Dynamic Systems”, Prentice Hall, 1994.
6. Woods, Robert L. and Kent L. Lawrence. "Modeling and Simulation of Dynamic
Systems.” Prentice Hall; 1st edition (1997).
More resources will be suggested during the course .
Dr. Mrittunjoy Guha Majumdar, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham Delhi NCR
