Buu Nguyen
DYNAMIC BINDING IN C#
Buu Nguyen
Vice President of Technology, KMS Technology
Lecturer, RMIT University Vietnam
Microsoft MVP
Agenda
What is dynamic binding
How is it implemented
When do we need it
Restrictions of dynamic binding
What is Dynamic Binding
C# Language Evolution
C# 4.0
C# 3.0
C# 2.0
LINQ (*) Auto- properties Collection initializer Object initializer Anonymous types Extension methods Partial methods Lambda expressions Expression trees
C# 1.0
Generics (*) Nullable types Anonymous methods Yield return Partial type Static class Namespace alias
Dynamic binding (*) Named arguments Optional parameters Generic variance Field-like events Robust locking Better COM interop
Static vs. Dynamic Binding
Static Binding
Compiler figures out which
Dynamic Biding
All bindings happen during
members to call (binding process)
Defer subtype polymorphic
run time
resolution till run time
Static Binding
Benefits of Static Binding
Type and name errors are detected at
compile time, e.g.
Invoke non-existent members Pass in arguments with wrong type Perform illegal cast
Dynamic Binding
How Is It Implemented?
Run Time Binding
Instead of attempting binding and generating
CIL, the compiler packages the call and sends it to the Dynamic Language Runtime At run time, the DLR performs binding and execution
Under the Hood
becomes
The Dynamic Language Runtime
Process in a nutshell
C# dynamic
compiled
Dynamic Objects
builds
User-defined or from other languages
Call Sites
cached
uses
IDynamicMetaObjectProvider
Delegate
Expression Tree
emits
DLR
C# Binder builds
Dynamic Type in CIL
When Do We Need It?
Key Scenarios
1. Access a member with only knowledge of its
name, arguments, and target object
2. Interop with dynamic languages, e.g. IronRuby, IronPython
3. Have the target object decide how to
respond to a call at run time
Key Scenarios
1. Access a member with only knowledge of its
name, arguments, and target object
2. Interop with dynamic languages, e.g. IronRuby, IronPython
3. Have the target object decide how to
respond to a call at run time
Access Members
Reflection
Dynamic Type
Single vs. Multiple Dispatch
Single Dispatch
Method is selected based
Multiple Dispatch
Method is selected based
on the runtime type of the target object
on both the runtime type of the target object and those of the methods arguments
Dispatch Example
Key Scenarios
1. Access a member with only knowledge of its
name, arguments, and target object
2. Interop with dynamic languages, e.g. IronRuby, IronPython
3. Have the target object decide how to
respond to a call at run time
Invoke Ruby Code
Work with Ruby Class
Work with method_missing
Key Scenarios
1. Access a member with only knowledge of its
name, arguments, and target object
2. Interop with dynamic languages, e.g. IronRuby, IronPython
3. Have the target object decide how to
respond to a call at run time
The Magic Interface
IDynamicMetaObjectProvider ExpandoObject DynamicObject
ExpandoObject
DynamicObjects Operations
Name TryGetMember TrySetMember TryDeleteMember TryInvokeMember TryConvert TryCreateInstance TryInvoke TryBinaryOperation TryUnaryOperation TryGetIndex TrySetIndex TryDeleteIndex Description Member getter, e.g. obj.Name Member setter, e.g. obj.age = 10 Member removal (no equivalent in C#) Method invocation, e.g. obj.Invoke() Casting, e.g. (int)obj Object creation (no equivalent in C#) Self invocation, e.g. obj(10) Binary operation, e.g. obj + 10 Unary operation, e.g. !obj Indexer getter, e.g. obj[key] Indexer setter, e.g. obj[key] = value Indexer removal (no equivalent in C#)
Log Setters & Invocations
StaticInvoker
StaticInvoker
Close to the metal
Close to the metal
Close to the metal
Restrictions
Restriction #1
Doesnt work with extension methods
Restriction #2
Cant resolve static members or constructors
on a dynamic type
Restriction #3
Method groups, anonymous methods and
lambda expressions to be casted to exact type
Restriction #4
Thank You!
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References
DLR specs from
http://dlr.codeplex.com/documentation C# in Depth, 2nd, Jon Skeet, Manning, 2010 Pro DLR in .NET 4.0, Chaur Wu, Apress, 2010
