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Say
again,
g
please
A Pilot’s Guide to
Radio Communications
Seventh Edition | Bob Gardner
 Visit [Link] for ASA’s full
selection of aviation books, training
resources, apps, and pilot supplies.
 Say
again,
please
A Pilot’s Guide to Radio Communications
Bob Gardner
7th Edition

AVIATION SUPPLIES & ACADEMICS, INC.

NEWCASTLE, WASHINGTON
Say Again, Please: A Pilot’s Guide to Radio Communications
Seventh Edition
by Bob Gardner

Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.

7005 132nd Place SE
Newcastle, Washington 98059
asa@[Link] | 425-235-1500 | [Link]
Copyright © 2023 Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.
First edition published 1995.
All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form
or by any means without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. While every precaution has been taken in the
preparation of this book, the publisher and Bob Gardner assume no responsibility for damages resulting from the use of the
information contained herein.
None of the material in this book supersedes any operational documents or procedures issued by the Federal Aviation
Administration, aircraft and avionics manufacturers, flight schools, or the operators of aircraft.
The flight and radio talk examples used throughout this book are for illustration purposes only, and are not meant to reflect
all of the possible incidences and communications that may occur in actual flight, nor does the author suggest by using
existing facilities that the flight example given covers all possible parameters of an actual flight to or from those facilities.
The airport photographs and chart excerpts are not for navigational purposes; refer to the current charts and the Chart
Supplement U.S. when planning your flight.

ASA-SAP7-PD
ISBN 978-1-64425-295-6

Photo and illustration credits: Aerial views of Washington State airports, courtesy Washington State Department of
Transportation, Aviation Division; [Link], Jim Fagiolo; p.10–11, 24, Garmin; p.13–14, 16, 17 (right), p.18 (bottom), Telex
Communications, Inc.; p.15 (top), Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc., (bottom), Lightspeed Aviation; p.16 (center), Aloft
Technologies; p.17 (left), Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.; p.18 (top), Sigtronics; p.19 (top), King Silver Crown, (bottom),
Terra; p.22, Narco Avionics; p.35, Henry Geijsbeek; p.78, Olympia Airport Guide, courtesy Airguide Publications, Inc.
Cover photo: Winston Wolf/[Link]

Additional formats available:

Softcover ISBN 978-1-64425-293-2
eBook EPUB ISBN 978-1-64425-294-9

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Gardner, Bob, 1928-2021, author.
Title: Say again, please : a pilot’s guide to radio communications / Bob Gardner.
Description: Seventh edition. | Newcastle, Washington : Aviation Supplies & Academics, Inc.,
[2023] | Includes index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2023025100 (print) | LCCN 2023025101 (ebook) | ISBN 9781644252932
(paperback) | ISBN 9781644252949 (epub) | ISBN 9781644252956 (pdf)
Subjects: LCSH: Radio in aeronautics. | Aeronautics—Communication. | Air traffic
control—Communication.
Classification: LCC TL693 .G34 2023 (print) | LCC TL693 (ebook) | DDC 387.7/40426—dc23/
eng/20230627
LC record available at [Link]
LC ebook record available at [Link]

[03]
 Contents

About the Author viii

Introductionviii
Conventionsix
Editor’s Note ix
Acknowledgementsx
Chapter One
The ABCs of
Communicating
The Pilot-Controller Partnership for Safety 1
Doing Things by the Book  2
Can’t We All Just Get Along? 3
Mic Fright 4
Technobabble Not Spoken Here 4
Licensing7
Hello, Operator? 7
Drones8
Chapter Two
Understanding
Your Equipment
Look At All Those Knobs and Buttons! 9
Transceivers10
GPS/Communication Devices 11
Squelch12
Microphones13
Speakers14
Aviation Headsets 15
Push-to-Talk Switch 17
Intercoms18
Audio Panels  19
Transponders21
Handhelds24
Chapter Three
A Matter of Procedure
Phraseology25
Why You Have Two Ears and One Mouth 25
What’s In A Name? 26
Check out [Link] now to explore a wide range
of test banks and solution manuals with exclusive offers.
 November28
First or Last? 28
Say It All in One Breath 29
“Roger, Wilco, Over and Out” 29
Other Readbacks 30
Be Brief, But Clear 31
“VFR Bigburg.” 32
“Say Again?” 32
Similar Callsigns 32
Type Confusion 33
Communicating an Emergency  34
Minimum Fuel vs. Emergency Fuel 35
Simplex vs. Duplex 35
Hooked on Phonics 36
Chapter Four
Class G Airspace
There’s Not Much of It 39
UNICOM and MULTICOM 41
Let’s Go Bore Some Holes in the Sky 42
You Want Fries With That? 45
The Tower of Babble 47
When Is a Tower Not a Tower? 48
Tower in Class G Airspace? 50
Summary51
Chapter Five
Class E Airspace
It’s Your Typical Flight Environment 53
Departing Harvey Field 54
Over the Top of Paine Field 57
Extensions58
Making Position Reports 59
Radar Flight Following 59
Handoffs61
Terminating Radar Service 63
Requests and Clearances 63
Requests or Instructions? 64
Strange Field Entry 64
Departing a Strange Field in Class E Airspace 65
No Radio (NORDO) 65
Special Visual Flight Rules 66
Beneath the Ceiling 68
Summary69

iv Say Again, Please

Chapter Six
Class D Airspace
When is a Tower Not a Tower? 71
Tower Frequencies 75
Class G Tower? 75
“What’s the ATIS?” 75
Ground Control 76
One Voice, Two Frequencies 78
Clearance Delivery 79
Progressive Taxi 79
Departures  80
Hold Short 80
Position and Hold/Line Up and Wait 81
Wake Turbulence  81
Intersection Takeoffs 82
“Request Frequency Change” 82
Blocked Frequency 83
Special Visual Flight Rules (SVFR)  83
Satellite Airports in Class D Airspace 84
Arriving at Olympia 85
Strange Airport Arrival 87
In the Pattern and on Final Approach 88
Adjusting the Pattern 91
Night Operations 94
Landing Alternatives 94
Land and Hold Short (LAHSO) 95
NORDO95
Departing a Satellite Airport  96
Just Passing Through 96
When Your Eyes Deceive You 98
UNICOM at Tower-Controlled Airports 98
A Final Word About Class D Airspace 99
Summary99
Chapter Seven
Class C Airspace
Radar Required 101
When Class C is Not Class C 101
Transponder Use 102
Arrival  103
Departure106
SVFR106
Satellite Airports  107
“Piper 70497, Stand By” 107
TRSAs108
Summary109

v
 Chapter Eight
Class B Airspace
Clearance Required 111
Approach and Departure Control 112
Just Passing Through 113
VFR Corridors, Flyways, and Transition Routes 114
Landing at the Primary Airport 114
Departing an Airport in the Class B Surface Area 116
Departing From a Satellite Airport
Beneath Class B Airspace 119
Summary120
Chapter Nine
Class A Airspace
It’s for the Chosen Few 121
Chapter Ten
Flight Service Stations
Service is Their Middle Name 123
What Frequency Do I Use? 123
Making Contact 124
Special Use Airspace 125
Special Flight Rules Areas (SFRA) 126
In-Flight Weather and NOTAM Updates 126
Filing Flight Plans 127
Air-Filing Flight Plans 129
Position Reports 129
Close Your Flight Plan! 130
Can You Tell Me Where There Is a Hole? 130
Enroute Weather 131
Summary131
Chapter Eleven
The IFR Communicator
What’s the Difference? 133
Filing Your Flight Plan 133
OTP134
Write It Down 134
Ready to Copy 136
VFR Departure? 137
“Cleared for Takeoff” 137
“Request a Vector To . . .” 139
On the Way 140
Weather140
Deviations141
Traffic Reports 141

vi Say Again, Please

 Sectorization141
Another Handy Trick 143
Holding143
Expect the Unexpected 144
Changing Altitude 145
Pilot’s Discretion 145
“Say Heading” 145
Airspeed146
Using Your GPS 146
Cruise Clearances 146
STARs146
Vectors147
Approach Clearances 147
GPS Approaches 148
Radar Approaches 149
Visual, Contact, and Circling Approaches 150
Missed Approaches 152
Practice Approaches 152
Lost Communications 153
“Minimum Fuel” 153
Good Operating Practices 153
Summary156
Chapter Twelve
Now That You Know
the System . . .
Teamwork159
When All Else Fails 159
In Conclusion 161

Appendix A: Communication Facilities 163

Appendix B: Airspace Definitions 167
Appendix C: Clearance Shorthand 173
Glossary 179
Index 209

vii
 About the Author
Bob Gardner began his flying career as a hobby in
Alaska in 1960 while in the U.S. Coast Guard.
Bob’s shore-duty assignments in the USCG were
all electronic/communications based. He served
in the Communications Division at Coast Guard
Headquarters and was Chief of Communications
for the Thirteenth Coast Guard District. He held a
Commercial Radiotelephone Operator’s license and
an Advanced Class Amateur Radio Operator’s License.
By 1966, Bob accomplished his Private land and
sea, Commercial, Instrument, Instructor, CFII and
MEL. Over the next 16 years he was an instructor,
charter pilot, designated examiner, freight dog, and Director of ASA Ground Schools.
Bob held an Airline Transport Pilot Certificate with single- and multi-engine land rat-
ings; a CFI certificate with instrument and multi-engine ratings; and a Ground Instructor’s
Certificate with advanced and instrument ratings. In addition, Bob was a Gold Seal Flight
Instructor and was awarded Flight Instructor of the Year in Washington State. To top off
this impressive list of accomplishments, Bob was also a well-known author, a journalist, an
airshow lecturer, and a long-admired member of the aviation community.
Books by Bob Gardner:
The Complete Private Pilot and The Complete Private Pilot Syllabus
The Complete Multi-Engine Pilot
The Complete Advanced Pilot
The Complete Remote Pilot (with David Ison)
Say Again, Please—A Pilot’s Guide to Radio Communications

Introduction
We live in a technological age. It is possible to fly without radios or electronic aids to naviga-
tion and rely solely on the Mark I eyeball, but there is no question that safety is enhanced
when pilots can locate one another beyond visual range. The avionics industry continues to
provide pilots with improved products that make communication easier and more reliable,
but technology alone is not enough—the user must feel comfortable with the equipment
and the system.

viii Say Again, Please

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