Selenium Summary -By Keshav Potdar

Level Category Command Description

WebElement Locator driver.find_element([Link], '<id>') Find WebElement by ID
WebElement Locator driver.find_element([Link], '<name>') Find WebElement by Name
WebElement Locator driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, '<cls>') Find WebElement by Class
WebElement Locator driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, '<tag>') Find WebElement by Tag
WebElement Locator driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, '<text>') Find WebElement by Link Text
WebElement Locator driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, '<txt>') Find WebElement by Partial Link
WebElement Locator driver.find_element([Link], '<//div>') Find WebElement by XPath
WebElement Locator driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '<[Link]>') Find WebElement by CSS
WebElement Locator driver.find_elements([Link], '<//div>') Find multiple WebElements
WebElement Locator-XPath //div[@id='<value>'] Find WebElement by attribute
WebElement Locator-XPath //div[contains(@class, '<btn>')] XPath contains() example
WebElement Locator-XPath //div[contains(text(), '<msg>')] XPath contains() example
WebElement Locator-XPath //div[text()='<Submit>'] XPath by text() example
WebElement Locator-XPath //div[starts-with(@id, '<You are>') and @type='msg'] XPath starts-with() example
WebElement Action [Link]() Click element
WebElement Action element.send_keys('<keshav>') Enter text
WebElement Action [Link]() Clear input
WebElement Action [Link]() Submit form
WebElement Property [Link] Get element text
WebElement Property element.get_attribute('<val>') Get attribute value
WebElement Property element.get_dom_attribute('<id>') Get DOM attribute
WebElement Property element.get_property('<checked>') Get property
WebElement Property element.tag_name Get tag name
WebElement Property [Link] Get size
[Link] 1. Returns only position (x, y). Eg. {'x': 50, 'y': 120}
WebElement Property [Link] 2. Returns only dimensions (height, width). Eg. {'height': 100, 'width': 200}
[Link] 3. Returns both position, dimensions. Eg. {'height': 100, 'width': 200, 'x': 50, 'y': 120}

WebElement Property [Link]('<[Link]>') Screenshot element

WebElement State element.is_displayed() Check if visible
WebElement State element.is_enabled() Check if enabled
WebElement State element.is_selected() Check if selected
WebElement ActionChains ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(<WebEle>).click().perform() Hover + click
WebElement ActionChains ActionChains(driver).double_click(<WebEle>).perform() Double click
WebElement ActionChains ActionChains(driver).context_click(<WebEle>).perform() Right click
WebElement ActionChains ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(<SrcWebEle>, <DstWebEle>).perform() Drag & drop
from [Link] import Select
WebElement Select De/Select by index
Select(<WebEle>).de/select_by_index(2)
WebElement Select Select(<WebEle>).de/select_by_value('<India>') De/Select by value
WebElement Select Select(<WebEle>).de/select_by_visible_text('<India>') De/Select by text
WebElement Select Select(<WebEle>).deselect_all() Deselect all options
WebElement Select Select(<WebEle>).options List all options
WebElement Select Select(<WebEle>).all_selected_options List selected options
Exception Exception NoSuchElementException Occurs when element not found. Fix: Use explicit waits or correct locator.
Exception Exception TimeoutException Wait timed out. Fix: Increase wait time, validate locator.
Exception Exception ElementNotInteractableException Element not interactable. Fix: Ensure visible & enabled, use waits.
Exception Exception StaleElementReferenceException Element is no longer attached to DOM. Fix: Re-find element after refresh.
Exception Exception NoSuchWindowException Window not found. Fix: Switch to correct window handle.
Exception Exception NoSuchFrameException Frame not found. Fix: Verify frame locator & switch correctly.
Exception Exception ElementClickInterceptedException Click blocked by another element. Fix: Scroll into view, wait until clickable.
Exception Exception InvalidSelectorException Locator syntax invalid. Fix: Correct XPath/CSS syntax.
Exception Exception WebDriverException Generic driver failure. Fix: Ensure driver/browser compatibility.
Exception Exception SessionNotCreatedException Driver session failed. Fix: Update WebDriver & browser version.
 Selenium Summary -By Keshav Potdar
Level Category Command Description
Driver Browser [Link]('[Link] Open a URL
Driver Browser driver.current_url Get current URL
Driver Browser [Link] Get page title
Driver Browser driver.page_source Get page source HTML
Driver Browser [Link]() Close current tab/window
Driver Browser [Link]() Quit browser & end session
[Link]() Refresh page
Driver Browser [Link]() Navigate forward
[Link]() Navigate back

Driver Window driver.current_window_handle Get current window handle

Driver Window driver.window_handles Get all window handles
Driver Window driver.switch_to.window(handle) Switch to given window/tab
driver.switch_to.new_window('tab') Open new tab
Driver Window
driver.switch_to.new_window('window') Open new window
Driver Window driver.fullscreen_window() Fullscreen mode
Driver Window driver.maximize_window() Maximize window
Driver Window driver.minimize_window() Minimize window
Driver Window driver.set_window_size(1024,768) Set custom size
Driver Window driver.get_window_size() Get window size
Driver Window driver.get_window_position() Get window position
Driver Window driver.set_window_position(200,100) Move window position
Driver Alert alert = driver.switch_to.alert Switch to active alert
Driver Alert [Link]() Accept alert
Driver Alert [Link]() Dismiss alert
Driver Alert alert.send_keys('Keshav') Enter text in prompt
Driver Alert [Link] Get alert text
Driver Frame driver.switch_to.frame('frame_name') Switch by name
Driver Frame driver.switch_to.frame(0) Switch by index
Driver Frame driver.switch_to.frame(<WebEle>) Switch by WebElement
Driver Frame driver.switch_to.parent_frame() Switch to parent
Driver Frame driver.switch_to.default_content() Exit to main content
Driver JavaScript driver.execute_script('return [Link];') Execute JS sync
Driver JavaScript driver.execute_async_script('callback();') Execute JS async
Driver Screenshot driver.save_screenshot('[Link]') Full page screenshot
Driver Cookies driver.get_cookies() Get all cookies
Driver Cookies driver.get_cookie('name') Get single cookie
Driver Cookies driver.add_cookie({'name':'k','value':'v'}) Add cookie
Driver Cookies driver.delete_cookie('<sess_id>') Delete one cookie
Driver Cookies driver.delete_all_cookies() Delete all cookies
driver.get_log("browser") browser : Fetches JavaScript console logs (e.g., warnings, errors)
Driver Logging
driver.get_log("performance") performance: Captures browser performance logs (network, rendering, events)
driver.execute_cdp_cmd("[Link]",
Driver Tool File downloads with DevTools (no prompt)
{"behavior": "allow", "downloadPath": "/<path>"})
driver.set_network_conditions(
offline=False,
latency=100, # milliseconds Test slow/unstable networks.
Driver Tool
download_throughput=1024, # bytes/second set_network_conditions() is wrapper on execute_cdp_cmd() with limited operations.
upload_throughput=1024 # bytes/second
)
Driver Tool driver.install_addon("</path/to/[Link]>", temporary=<True>) Install browser add-on (Firefox only)
Set Chrome option. Below are few more useful arguments like --headless:
--incognito --ignore-certificate-errors
from [Link] import Options --start-maximized --disable-popup-blocking
Driver Capabilities Options().add_argument('--headless') --window-size=1920,1080 --mute-audio
--disable-notifications --disable-extensions
--disable-infobars (useul for automation)
--kiosk (full screen mode)
options.set_capability("acceptInsecureCerts", True)
# Accept SSL cert errors
options.set_capability("browserName", "chrome") # Browser type
options.set_capability("browserVersion", "stable") # Specific version (or "latest"/"stable")
options.set_capability("platformName", "ANY") # OS platform ("WINDOWS", "LINUX", "MAC", "ANY")
Driver Capabilities
options.set_capability("acceptSslCerts", True) # Accept SSL certificates
options.set_capability("unhandledPromptBehavior", "dismiss") # Auto-dismiss JS alerts
# Strict file handling
options.set_capability("strictFileInteractability", True)

Driver Capabilities [Link](options=options) Launch browser with above passed options

Page load timeout, not applicable for WebEle finding.
Driver Timeouts driver.set_page_load_timeout(<sec>) Applies for [Link](url), .back() .forward()
Wait time for JavaScript execution when used driver.execute_async_script().
Driver Timeouts driver.set_script_timeout(<sec>) Not applicable to execute_script() which is synchronous.
Driver Wait driver.implicitly_wait(<sec>) Set implicit wait. Applicable for all findElement() only
from [Link] import WebDriverWait Set Explicit / Fluent wait
from [Link] import expected_conditions as EC EC.presence_of_element_located
WebDriverWait( EC.visibility_of_element_located
EC.element_located_to_be_selected
driver,
Driver Wait EC.text_to_be_present_in_element
timeout=<sec>, EC.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it
poll_frequency=<max_attempt>, EC.alert_is_present
ignored_exceptions=[NoSuchElementException, ElementNotInteractableException] EC.invisibility_of_element_located
).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable(([Link],'<WebEle>'))) EC.number_of_windows_to_be