Name: Munashe S Maringire

Candidate number: 0064

Centre number: zw077

Syllabus code: 0445

Subject: Design and technology

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CONTENTS PAGE

CONTENT PAGE
Situation ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
Analysis of situation………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
Need and justification ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4
Design brief ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4
Scatter chart …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5
Market research of existing ideas …………………………………………………………………………………………… 7
Research of the size of items and where to be stored……………………………………………………………… 13
Questionnaire interview ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15
Specifications ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………. 20
Generation and exploration of Design ideas……………………………………………………………………………. 21
Development of proposed solution…………………………………………………………………………………………… 32
Presentation drawings …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 34
Planning for production……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 33
Production realization ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 38
Testing and evaluation………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 44

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SITUATION

Students that commute to school are left at the gate, with all the heavy luggage they end up carrying their trunks and this leads to fatigue and
development of hand blisters.

ANALYSIS OF SITUATION

As a result of heavy weights having to be carried for a long distance, students often suffer from backaches and sprained muscles. Carrying such
amounts of baggage also causes

 fatigue and will limit the level of concentration during lessons the next day. Some students develop blisters due to carrying a heavy trunk
with small thin metal handles

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NEED AND JUSTIFICATION

There is need for a proper solution because:

1. Pupils won’t have to carry their baggage at theirs backs.
2. People won’t have to leave some of their stuff behind.
3. The risk of theft is reduced as one would have carried all his goods.
4. The chances of one forgetting his stuff at the main gate will become minimal
5. The students will become happy and relieved as they won’t have to carry their goods one by one and also won’t develop
blisters due to heavy trunks.

DESIGN BRIEF

I am going to design and make a device that will be used to carry student’s baggage and transport it to the hostel without
straining their backs or causing fatigue.

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SCATTERCHART
Unit should be at a
reasonable height and
Should be used by length in order to avoid
any gender not backaches
Used a 20 x 20
specific
box tube metal
Unit should not
have any sharp EGORNOMICS
edges in order to ANTHROPOMETCS made from metal
avoid injuries
GENDER

I should make sure MATERIALS

that my product SAFETY
does not injure my LUGGAGE
clients and Cart
FINISH
customers
TIME
Two school
terms to be COST FUNCTION paint
used to make
the prototype
and model. Water paint) to prevent it from
(

To transport being affected by moisture. For

It is affordable To be able to carry student’s baggage easy cleaning.
because of the bags and trunks from the main gate
materials I used. from one station to to the hostels
price of model another.
should be $20-$50

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RESEARCH OUTLINE
The research outline will assist me in obtaining sources and information to make a prototype of my model and make the best
decisions

SOURCES INCLUDE

Learning from televisions and shows on how to make this kind of products
Finding similar products from shops and malls
Browsing on the internet about my product
Extracting information from magazines and newspapers
Using questioners and asking expert

INFORMATION I NEED TO KNOW

Size of trunks.
How the unit is to be stored and where?
Safety implications
Existing solutions on the market, if any
The problems faced by existing solutions
The cost of the end result considering the materials used
Size of existing ideas and solutions

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 The wheels look
expensive and are prone
to getting stuck in wet
EXISTING IDEAS conditions

IDEA 1

Base may be too

weak to withstand
heavy weights

The bar used to pull

the cart may cause the
hands pulling the cart
The cart is too small Has no sides so
to develop blisters
to carry the amount of goods may fall out
baggage a student of the cart
carries to school

EVALUATION OF IDEA 1
Can carry the large amount of baggage we expect it to carry but with risk of falling. Due to the cart having no closed side’s goods
are IDEA
most2 likely to fall. It is heavy to pull or push for long distances like we require. It is not durable because it is made from wood
and has to be cleaned every now and then. Due to a handle that looks rectangular it may increase the chances of developing
blisters

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 The handle is smoothly
curved to avoid cuts
and has a rubber
covering to prevent
blisters

The cart is too small to

carry all the goods at
once

The wheels have It has a double carrier in

a steering order to accommodate more
The top cart is mechanism baggage
supported by this
steel bar in order to
avoid collapsing

EVALUATION OF IDEA 2

It is a double carrier cart in order to accommodate a large sum of baggage. The cart is painted so that it becomes aesthetically
pleasing. Black paint absorb heat so it is a disadvantage as some of the goods carried are not to be kept under heat. The cart
also gives the luxury of steering whilst pushing it around.

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 It is not aesthetically
IDEA 3 pleasing as it is not
painted or vanished

The wagon/cart is too small to

carry the amount of baggage a
student brings.
Wheels are made from wood
so may break if too much
pressure is expected on
them

The wagon is made from

natural hard woods so
Too big and heavy they are strong
to be pulled by a
person.

EVALUATION OF IDEA 3
The wagon is made from wood and may be affected by termites. The wheels
are made from wood so they are also prone to insects such as termites. the
cart is also too big to be pulled around,

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 Made from
expensive
IDEA 4 stainless steel The wheel’s mechanism
is such that the trolley
can turn in any direction

The wheel is not fit for

rough edges as they
are too small

The trolley is too small to

accommodate a big bag
and a backpack

The trolley has a nice

handle which has a
rubber coating to
prevent blisters
EVALUATION OF IDEA 4

The trolley is user friendly as it does not cause blisters. The trolley is very expensive
as it is made from stainless high carbon steel. The trolley is however too small to
carry the required amounts of goods. The wheels are likely to collapse if heavy
pressure is introduced.

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 There is no way of easy navigation due to no
IDEA 5 steering option

The wheels are made from wood so may be

affected by weather conditions especially
when it rains, they will soak up water.

It is not painted or vanished so

it is not aesthetically pleasing

The cart is too

small to carry large
EVALUATION OF IDEA 5 amounts of goods

The model is not painted so it is not aesthetically pleasing for the customers and clients. It is made from natural timber
and is not strong enough to withstand pressure of the luggage. The wheels of the model are made from wood and wood is
not6suitable in wet conditions.
IDEA

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 The handle is round and smooth
Idea 6 but it has no covering like rubber
to prevent blistering

The wheel mechanism is such that

they can be steered in any direction

The trolley has six wheels in

order to withstand the heavy
weights of the trunks

The trolley has no sides so

our good may fall out and be
damaged or may break

EVALUATION OF IDEA 6

The trolley has six wheels in order to carry heavy weights. The trolley has no sides so our goods may fall out and be damaged
or break. it is made from expensive stainless steel so it lasts longer and It is very durable.

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 RESEARCH SIZE OF ITEMS AND WHERE TO BE STORED

STORAGE OF THE DEVICE

I have decided to keep my

The product will be stored product outside like those
I have decided to store the in an outside shade but the trolleys
product outside to preserve space shade will have closed
in the house and also at the same sides to reduce the risk if
time advertise the product in thief’s seeing the product
order to gain customers
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QUSTIONAIRE INTERVIEW

My name is Munashe Maringire, I am doing an O’ level design and technology project on a luggage carrying system. I would
really appreciate it if you could take a second from your time to answer a few questions based on the project, so that I improve
my research before making my final model. You can answer the following questions by simply circling or ticking your desired
option and give a reason for your option.

1. Do you think it is necessary to have a baggage cart near the school?

YES
NO

REASON……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Should the device be portable?

YES
NO

REASON………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Where should it be kept

SHADE
SCHOOL GATE

REASON………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. What material should it be made of

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WOOD
METAL
PLASTIC

REASON…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

5. What finish do you think will be the best fit?

PAINT
VANISH

REASON………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. What number of trunks should it carry?

 1 TRUNK
2 TRUNKS
3 TRUNKS

7. How many wheels should it have?

2
3
4

REASON……………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Which kind of wheels are the best

WOOD
RUBBER

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METAL

REASON………………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. HOW MUCH ARE YOU WILLING TO PAY FOR ITS SERVICES TO THE HOSTEL
$2
$3
$4

This is the end of the interview. Thank you for your participation, yours answers will be of great help and will be treated with
confidentiality.

RESULTS OF QUESTIONAIRE

1. Do you think it is necessary to have a luggage cart near the school?

12 out of 15 people who took the interview report said it is necessary to have a luggage cart ne

Most of the people said it should be kept at the gate in order to attract customers. Some also said that it is where the problem
starts and it is where it is available so the solution has to be near.

2. What material should it be made of

12 out of 15 said metal with only 3 saying wood. For those who chose metal said that it is cheap and is readily available at the
school workshop. They also said that the required type of metal and steel is locally available. However, for those who chose
wood they said that it is cheaper than metal.

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3. What finish do you think will be the best fit?

Paint as It provides sacrificial protection to avoid rust .it is also aesthetic

4. What size should the cart be

Everyone said it should be of medium size so that it does not lose shape. Most said so, so that it could be used by people of all
ages and height. Medium is okay for it to carry large amounts of luggage and withstand heavy weights

5. What number of bags and trunks should it carry?

For students who took the interview they said that 1 trunk as that’s the most common that they bring to school.

6. How many wheels should it have?

All
60% said 4 wheels to improve stability and to improve chances of not always flipping around, however the remainder said 2
wheels in order to cut the costs of the device and its final [Link] I decided on using two wheels.

7. Which kind of wheels are the best

90% said rubber as it is not affected by weather. They said rubber can negotiate rough terrain without difficulties. Those who
chose rubber said that it provides enough friction when steep slope. the last 10 % chose wood as it is cheap, but is affected by
weather conditions especially rain

8. How much are you willing to pay for its services to the hostel

Everybody chose to pay $4 as it was the most appropriate as the distance to be travelled was a bit big.

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Summary of initial finding

My initial findings have helped me to consider more options when making my prototype such as adding a cushion for aesthetic
value. My questionnaire will help me choose hollow tubes over solid ones in order to reduce weight of model. The interview
assisted me to pick my price range of $50-60.

SPECIFICATIONS

MUST SHOULD
Contain a handle Carry at least one trunk
Metal would be strong Be affordable
have wheels Be aesthetic
be light to reduce effort

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 Advantages Disadvantages

It is spacious Made from artificial

boards

Has a double cart Four wheels are

for fragile goods expensive

It is aesthetic Expensive to make the

Possible solution 1 model

Evaluation
The cart can carry 2 trunks and even a bag but it is made from artificial boards so it not durable and wont withstand
heavy pressures

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Possible solution 2

Advantages Disadvantages

Made from metal so it is It is heavy

strong

It is spacious Usually pulled by cattle

Has two wheels to cut Expensive to produce

costs

Has a cheap stirring It is not aesthetic

mechanism

Possible solution 3

Evaluation
This one has a design of a cattle driven cart. It is heavy due to being made from metal so it cannot be pulled around by
someone.

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 Advantages
Advantages Disadvantages
Disadvantages

It is spacious
It is cheap to make It is hard
Hasto
nobuild
side so goods
may fall out of the
device
Thewheels
Rubber base is made from chipFour wheels
which High amount
whichofaresteel
boards used In the production
last long expensive
Body Made from mild steel Mild steel is very
expensive
It is unique in shape It is heavy as it has a
Two wheels to reduce costswood layering inside

Has a rubber handle to Body made from

avoid blisters expensive thin metal
sheets

Evaluation
This one is easy to make and also if improved on material it is cheap. Due to usage of artificial boards the cart may be too
heavy and boards are not strong enough to act as a supporting base.

Possible solution 4

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Evaluation
It is a nice design but it is difficult to make in the required time frame. It is also expensive as it is built from expensive
metal sheets and it’s four wheels are expensive.

Advantages Disadvantages

It is spacious It is too big

It is aesthetic Made from expensive

metal
Possible solution 5 Rubber wheels to Four wheels increase
negotiate any terrain costs
Has ergonomic handles As a product it is very
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 Possible solution 6

Advantages Disadvantages

Has ergonomic handles As a product it is very

expensive

Rubber wheels to Four wheels increase

negotiate any terrain costs

Evaluation
It is spacious but at the same time too big. Such carts are not allowed inside hostels. It has handles for easy navigation but it’s
complicated turning mechanism makes it impossible to make in a short period of time .

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Idea 1 Made from artificial boards and is heavy

Idea 2 High amount of steel used In the production

Idea 3 It is not aesthetic

Idea 4 It is heavy as it has a wood layering inside

Idea 5 Four wheels increase costs and it is too big

Idea 6 As a product it is very expensive

Idea 7 It is affected by weather especially rain

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Manufacture of model

 During the manufacture of the mock up model I used wire and

soft wire to get an idea of how my end product would look like
at the end.

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Construction problems encountered

 Unavailability of the correct materials locally at the time of making the project
 I misplaced some of our materials which took me time to replace which held my project back
 Breakage of materials (e.g. pliers) also held us back and it was quite a huge problem
 Had to use wire as there was no available material
Improvements to be made on the actual project

 Use better quality material and light metal so my product will not break easily
 Make it eye pleasing to the children by use of better finishes such as paint and stickers
 make it have less weight and make it easy to move from point A to point B
 Make my product contain more space to increase its petition
 Better finishes to be employed.
 Stands to make the product stand upright

Materials to be used- in the final

 metal - I intend to use 20 x 20 metal tube for the frame because it durable and has good quality and at the same it is light
but very strong reducing the chances of my product breaking or falling apart.
 square tube - For the base of the frame I would like to use a square tube so it becomes strong at the bottom and could be
able to sustain the weight of trunks.
 Rubber - used rubber on wheels so I could make my product more efficient by being able to overcome any type of road.
 Soldering– used to join my sides together

Material used in- further development

 two base stands in the form of a 20x20 mm square tube

 Two base tubes to support the mesh

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Development of chosen solution

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Planning for production
Working drawing

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Presentation drawing

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Presentation drawing in Cad

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Cutting list
Part Material Length Width Height /thickness Cost ($)

A 2x Metal Square tube 600 mm 20mm 20mm $6 x2

B 2x lawn mower wheels 200mm $15 x2

C 4x washer $0.25 x4

D Wire mesh 300mm 200mm $3

E 2x Bolts and nut 80mm $1 x2

Total $49

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measuring I started by measuring the length of my frame and width and height It took about 15 minutes
by using a tape measure and length of wire mesh

Marking I used a chalk, steel t square and set square to mark out the It took about 20 minutes
unwanted area and show the area to be dealt with.

Cutting and bending After marking I used a hark saw and an angle grinder to cut my two It took about 45 minutes to
pieces of frame. I then proceeded to bend the tubes to shape of complete these processes
frame

Joints I used welding to join the two pieces of frame together and the wire It took about 1hour 20 minutes
assembly/welding mesh.

cleaning I used an angle grinder to remove excess weld. It took about 5 minutes
Took about 10 minutes
Painting Using a spray gun I painted my complete frame using quick dry
harmer ton Silva paint

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Product realization

Stage 1

First of all, I selected my material from a variety of metal tubes and bars. I then
made the 20x20 metal tube ready for marking out and cutting. I used a saw to
cut 2 pieces of 6 meters each of the square tube to make it easy for folding.

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Stage 2

I then took the 2 pieces of metal for bending so that I form the body of the model. I
used a 90 degree tee squere to make
sure that my edges were accurate.

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Stage 3

I then assembled the two pieces of the body in anticipation of the welding
process. I took out my welding goggles and then started with the welding.

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 Stage 4
After making the
frame I added 6
little bar tubes
like those used
for the frame, 4
across the height
of the frame and
two at the base. I
then took out the
wire mesh and
and cut it with a
height of 200mm
using an angle
grinder. After
cutting the mesh
I then placed it
around the
model and then
welded it to the
frame. After welding I used the angle grinder to remove some the weld.
Ithen used 2 bolts to make the axle for the wheels and I welded the bolts
under the frame.

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Stage 5

After
welding the
mesh on to
the frame
and
removing
excess weld, I then went on to the final stage of my production
which was painting the model. Using a spray gun I spray painted
the frame and the mesh using quick dry harmerton silva paint.

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Finnished product

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Testing and evaluation

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Strengths

 It has a nice aesthatic colour which is eye catching and apeals to all genders and it fits the trunk perfectly and also the
second function of fetching water and the third of grocery shopping

Weaknesses

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 The weakness of my product is that my product
sometimes sinks in sand when loaded with heavy
trunks. It also carries only one 20 litre bottle of
water

Specifications (must)

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Specification evaluation Achieved or not
Free standing so it can be To achieve this goal I added two little stands so that it as free
easily moved standing
Contain a handle It does not have a handle
cost between $30 and $50 Considering all the material and amount of time used I think
$30-$50 is fair
Metal tubes Yes my product is made from tubes because they are light and
very strong and also durable

Specication should

Specication should Evaluation Achived or not

Carry at least one trunk My product was able to achieve its function of carrying a trunk
Be affordable My product ended up costing around $40-$60
Be aesthetic The harmerton gray paint proved to be a nice easthatic paint

Problems encountered on production

• Time- most of the time I would be busy with other subjects and extracurricular activities so fitting in time to do my project
was a big hustle for me.
• Knowledge on how to use the some of the tools- since it was my first time dealing with such tools, I always had to have adult
supervision and most of the time the adults would be unavailable.
• Availability of materials – due to inflation in my country purchasing some tools to do my project was very difficult as I had to
settle for the cheap machines which were more time consuming.

Self-criticism – strengths

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• Very creative -which made me able to come up with multiple functions for my product.
• Was able to manage my time and helped finish my project on time
• Easy to learn – which really helped me when I was learning to use materials, machines and tools.
• Had supportive teachers - who helped in applying what I had learned since the beginning year into my project. Special credit to
(Mr Meki and Mr Dzoro) my teachers for the help during the course of the project.

Weakness
• Was always busy and sometimes would skip design and technology lessons which would make me behind
in class
• Lack of concertation as I had to redo parts of my projects. This was a result of me not listening to the teachers.

Further improvements
• Make a circuler frame.
• Make it contain a trunk whilst leaving a liittle space.
• Add wheels so children find it amusing
• prevent children using at the wrong times
• Use tubes so it is both durable and completely light
Other functions
• fetching water
• Used to fetch groceries
• Use it to carry chicken feedstock
By Maringire Munashe

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