NTA

Subjects : Physics Real me 1 Date : 10-12-2025

Total Marks : 100 ( Solutions ) Hours : 3 Hours

Physics - Section A ( MCQ )

1. The temperature on a Fahrenheit temperature scale that is twice the temperature on a Celsius
temperature scale is
A) 160∘F B) 240∘F C) 320∘F D) 480∘F
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
Temperature on Fahrenheight F = 95 C + 32
Given 𝐹 = 2𝐶 or 𝐶 = 𝐹 /2
∴ F = 95 × F2 + 32 ⇒ F − 0.9 F = 32 ∴ F = 320∘ F

2. On a new temperature scale, the melting point of ice is 20 ∘ X and the boiling point of water is 110∘X. A
temperature of 40∘ C would be indicated on this new temperature scale as
A) 60∘𝑋 B) 56∘𝑋 C) 70∘𝑋 D) 54∘𝑋
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
Reading on new scale -LFP = C − 0
UFP - LFP 100
z∘X − 20∘X = 40 − 0 ⇒ z∘X − 20∘X
110∘X − 20∘X 100
40 × 90∘X = 36∘X
= 100
∴ Reading on new scale.
z∘X = 36∘X + 20∘X = 56∘X
3. The temperature difference between the ends of two cylindrical rods 𝐴 and 𝐵 of the same material is 2 : 3.
In steady state the ratio of the rates of flow of heat through the rods 𝐴 and 𝐵 is 5 : 9. If the radii of the
rods 𝐴 and 𝐵 are in the ratio 1 : 2, then the ratio of lengths of the rods 𝐴 and 𝐵 is
A) 2:7 B) 3:7 C) 2:5 D) 3 : 10
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
For two cylindrical rods A and B,
𝜃1 : 𝜃2 = 2 : 3, 𝐻1 : 𝐻2 = 5 : 9, 𝑟1 : 𝑟2 = 1 : 2
2 8
∴ At steady state, H = 𝕜(𝜋ℓr ) ∝ rℓ𝜃
2
2
∴ HH12 = ( rr12 ) ( 𝜃𝜃12 ) ( ℓℓ21 )
⇒ 59 = ( 12 )2 ( 23 ) ⋅ ( ℓℓ21 ) ⇒ ℓℓ12 = 3 : 10

4. A blacksmith fixes circular iron frame on the wooden wheel of a bullock cart. The diameter of wooden
wheel and circular iron frame are 5.012 m and 5 m respectively at 27∘ C. The temperature (in ∘ C ) to which
the iron ring must be heated so as to fit the wooden wheel is (Coefficient of linear expansion of iron = 1.2
× 10−5 ∘C−1 )
A) 200 B) 227 C) 254 D) 300
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
Temperature to which the iron ring must be heated so to fit the wheel T′ = dwd−i𝛼di + T1 = 5×1.2×10
5.012−5 5 + 27
−

= 5×1.2×10
1.2×10−2−5 + 27∘ C = 227∘ C

5. The Fahrenheit and Kelvin scales of temperature will have the same reading at a temperature of
A) −40∘ F B) 313∘F C) 574.6∘F D) 732.7∘F
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
1
 The relation between Fahrenheit and kelvin is given by
𝐹 − 32 = 𝐶 − 273
9 5
𝐹 =𝐶=𝑋
5(𝑋 − 32) = 9(𝑋 − 273)
5𝑋 − 160 = 9𝑋 − 2457
4𝑋 = 2457 − 160
𝑋 = 2457 4− 160 = 574.25∘F = 574.6∘F
6. The length of a metal rod at 30∘ C is 30 cm. If its temperature is raised to 105∘ C, its length is increased by
0.027 cm. Then the coefficient of linear expansion of the metal is
A) 12 × 10−4 /∘ C B) 12 × 10−5 /∘ C C) 12 × 10−6 /∘ C D) 12 × 10−7 /∘ C
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
Coefficient of linear expansion,

𝛼=
ΔL
LΔT
= 30 × 0.027 = 0.027 = 12 × 10−6/∘C
(105 − 30) 30 × 75
7. If the reading in Fahrenheit scale is twice the reading in Celsius scale, then the reading in Fahrenheit scale
is
A) 100∘F B) 120∘F C) 80∘F D) 320∘F
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
Given F = 2C;C = F2
⇒
F − 32 = C ⇒ F − 32 = F
9 5 9 2×5
⇒ 10 F − 320 = 9 F
⇒ F = 320∘ F

8. For an ideal gas at a temperature of 27∘ C and at constant pressure, the coefficient of volume expansion is
nearly
A) 33 × 10−5 K−1 B) 22 × 10−4 K−1 C) 37 × 10−5 K−1 D) 33 × 10−4 K−1
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
(d) Ideal gas at a temperature, T = 27 + 273 = 300 K

From ideal gas

pv = nRT
pdv = nRd
dv = nR
dT p

The coefficient of volume expansion

v = v1 dT
dv = 1 × nR
v p
nR
= pv
nR = 1 = 1 = 33 × 10−4 K−1
= nRT T 300

2
9. Two wires 𝐴 and 𝐵 of same length, same radius and same Young's modulus are heated to same range of
temperatures. If the coefficient of linear expansion of A is 32 times that of B, then the ratio of the thermal
stresses produced in the two wires A and B is
A) 2:3 B) 9:4 C) 4:9 D) 3:2
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
Coefficient of Linear expansion of 𝐴 = 𝛼𝐴 Coefficient of Linear expansion of 𝐵 = 𝛼𝐵

𝛼A = 𝛼B
3
2

Thermal stress is given as: 𝛿 = 𝛼YΔT Ratio of thermal stress:

𝛿A YΔT = 3
= 𝛼𝛼AYΔT
𝛿B B 2
10. Two rods of same area of cross-section have lengths 𝐿 and 2 L and coefficients of linear expansions 2𝛼
and 𝛼 respectively. If they are welded to form a composite rod of length 3 L then the coefficient of linear
expansion of the composite rod is
A) 32𝛼 B) 3𝛼 C) 34𝛼 D) 43𝛼
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
Change in length of first rod,

Δℓ1 = L(2𝛼)ΔT = 2 L𝛼ΔT

Change in length of second rod:

Δℓ2 = (2 L)(𝛼)(ΔT) = 2 L𝛼ΔT.

Total change; Δl = Δl1 + Δl2

= 2 L𝛼ΔT + 2 L𝛼ΔT
= 4 L𝛼ΔT

Change in length of composite rod is same, thus,

Δl = (LC) 𝛼CΔT
= 3 L𝛼CΔT

Comparing 1 and 2 :
4 L𝛼ΔT = 3 L(𝛼C)ΔT
𝛼𝐶 =
4𝛼
3
11. Statement (I) : A device in which heat measurement can be made is called calorimeter. Statement (II) :
Skating is possible on snow due to the formation of water below the skates. Water is formed due to the
increase of temperature and ice melts. Statement (III) : Two bodies at different temperature are mixed in a
calorimeter. Total internal energy of the two bodies remains conserved. Which of the following is correct?
3
 A) Statements I, II and III are true
B) Statement I is true, but statements II and III are false
C) Both statements I and II are true, but statement III is false
D) Both statements I, III are true, but statement II is false
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
While skating a person pressure the snow downwards
with his weight due to which melting point of ice lowers
and ice melt into water, which acts as a lubricant for skates.
So, (II) is false.
And, statement (I) and (II) are correct
12. Two metal rods A and B each of length 50 cm and diameter 4.0 mm are joined together at temperature
30∘C. What is the change in length of the combined rod at 230∘C ? [Given linear expansion coefficients of
rods A and B are respectively, 2.0 × 10−5 /∘ C and 1.0 × 10−5 /∘ C]
A) 4 mm B) 2 mm C) 3 mm D) 1 mm
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
Δ𝑙 = Δ𝑙A + Δ𝑙B
= 𝑙A𝛼AΔT + 𝑙B𝛼BΔT
= 0.5 × 200 × (2 × 10−5 + 1 × 10−5)
= 100 × 3 × 10−5 = 3 × 10−3 m = 3 mm
13. A hole of diameter 5 cm is drilled in a metal sheet at 30 °C. The linear expansion of metal is 2 × 10−5 K−1.
The diameter of the hole when the temperature is raised to 230 °C, is equal to
A) 5.01 cm B) 5.02 cm C) 5.03 cm D) 5.04 cm
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
Change in the temperature is ∆𝑇 = 230 − 30 = 200°C.
When the sheet is heated it will expand, thermal expansion is given by,
𝐿 = 𝐿0 (1 + 𝛼 ∆ 𝑇 )
⇒ 𝐿 = 5 × (1 + 2 × 10−5 × 200) = 5.02 cm

14. Find the ratio of the length of a steel rod and a copper rod if the steel rod is 4 cm longer than the copper
rod at any temperature.
[The coefficient of linear expansion for steel and copper are 1.1 × 10−5 ∘C and 1.7 × 10−5 ∘C respectively]
A) 17
11 B) 11
17 C) 114 D) 174
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
The difference between the lengths of copper and steel rods is constant. Therefore, the change in
the length of both rods with temperature should be equal. Hence,
𝛼𝑠 𝐿𝑠 ∆ 𝑇 = 𝛼𝑐 𝐿𝑐 ∆ 𝑇
⇒ 𝐿𝐿𝑠𝑐 = 𝛼𝛼𝑠𝑐 = 17
11

15. 37 g of ice at 0∘ C temperature is mixed with 74 g of water at 70∘ C temperature. The resultant temperature
is (Specific heat capacity of water = 1cal−1 ∘ C−1 and latent heat of fusion of ice = 80calg−1 )
A) 45∘C B) 70∘C C) 20∘C D) 35∘C
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )

4
 By principle of calorimetry,
Heat lost = Heat gained
⇒ m1 c1 (70 − T) = m2 c2 ( T − 0) + m2 L
⇒ 74 × 1 × (70 − T) = 37 × 1 × T + 37 × 80
∴ T = 20∘ C
16. The ratio of the specific heat capacities of a gas is 1.5 . When the gas undergoes an adiabatic process, its
volume is doubled and pressure becomes 𝑃1 . When the gas undergoes isothermal process, its volume is
doubled and pressure becomes 𝑃2 . If 𝑃1 = 𝑃2 , the ratio of the initial pressures of the gas when it
undergoes adiabatic and isothermal processes is
√ √ √ √
A) 3 : 2 B) 1 : 1 C) 3 : 1 D) 2 : 1
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
For a gas, 𝛾 = 1.5
For adiabatic Process, V𝑓 = 2V𝑖 ,P𝑓 = P1
∴ Pi V𝛾i = Pf V𝛾f ⇒ piVi1.5 = P1 (2 Vi )1.5
∴ Pi,ad = (2)1.5 P1
For isothermal process, Vf = 2 Vi ,Pf = P2
Pi Vi = Pf Vf ⇒ Pi Vi = (P2)(2 Vi)
∴ Piiso = 2P2
∴
Piiad = (2)1.5P1 = √2 : 1
Piiso 2P2
17. Steam of mass 60 g at a temperature 100∘ C is mixed with water of mass 360 g at a temperature 40∘ C. The
ratio of the masses of steam and water in equilibrium is (Latent heat of steam is 540calg−1 and specific
heat capacity of water is 1calg−1 ∘ C−1 )
A) 1 : 20 B) 1 : 10 C) 1:5 D) 1:3
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
For water, m1 = 360 g, T1 = 40∘ C,T2 = 100∘ C
∴ Heat required, H1 = m1 C1 ( T2 − T1 )
= 360 × 1 × (100 − 40) = 21600cal
At equilibrium,
Heat released by steam = Heat required by water
∴ Mass of steam converted into water,
m2 = HL1 = 21600
540 = 40 g
∴ Mass of steam let, ms = 60 − 40 = 20 g
Mass of water, 𝑚𝑤 = 360 + 40 = 400 g
∴ mmWs = 400
20 = 1 : 20

18. 37 g of ice at 0∘ C temperature is mixed with 74 g of water at 70∘ C temperature. The resultant temperature
is (Specific heat capacity of water = 1calg−1 ∘ C−1 and latent heat of fusion of ice = 80calg−1 )
A) 45∘C B) 70∘C C) 20∘C D) 35∘C
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
By principle of calorimetry,
Heat lost = Heat gained
⇒ m1 c1 (70 − T) = m2 c2 ( T − 0) + m2 L
⇒ 74 × 1 × (70 − T) = 37 × 1 × T + 37 × 80
∴ T = 20∘ C

19. When 54 g of ice at −20∘ C is mixed with 25 g of steam at 100∘C, then the final mixture at thermal
equilibrium contains

5
 A) 20 g water at 1.00∘ C
B) 73 g water at 100∘ C and 6 g steam at 100∘ C
C) 8 g steam at 100∘ C and 12 g water at 0∘ C
D) 20 g water at 50∘ C
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
𝑚ice = 54 g ; 𝑇ice = −20∘C
𝑚steam = 25 g ; 𝑇stem = 100∘C
# Heat Required to bring ice to 0∘ C :-(−20∘ C → 0∘ C)
𝑄warm = 𝑀ice × 𝐶ice × Δ𝑇
= 54 × 2.1 × 20
= 2268 J
# Heat Req. to melt the ice:
𝑄meltice = 𝑀 ice × L𝑓
= 54 × 334
= 180.36 J
Total 𝑄 needed to convert 5 hg of ice form −20∘ C → 0∘ C
𝑄total ice = 𝑄warm + 𝑄melt
= 2268 + 18036 J
= 20304 J
→ # Heat released by condensing steam:
𝑄condense = 25 × 2260
= 56500 J
Since 𝑄condense > 𝑄total ice ⇒ So, all the ice will melt & there will be excess heat.
Remaining Heat after melting ice:
𝑄remain = 𝑄conduce − 𝑄total
= 56500 − 20304 J
= 36196 J
\# Heat melted ice to 100∘ C :
𝑄heat = 𝑚water × 𝐶water × Δ𝑇
= 54 × 4.2 × 100
= 22680 J
Remaining Heat = 𝑄remain − 𝑄hent ice
= 36196 − 22680
= 13516 J
# Heat Reg to convert water at 100∘ C → steam
𝑄nowise = 𝑚 steam × 𝐿𝑣
Mass of water:
𝑚steam = 𝑄remaining
𝐿 𝑣
Final

⇒
13516 = 6 g
2260
Finally, water at 100∘ C
𝑚water = 54 + (25 − 6)
= 54 + 19
= 73 g
∴ Steam at 100∘ C = 6 g
20. The temperatures of equal masses of three different liquids 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are 15∘ C,24∘ C and 30∘ C
respectively. The resultant temperature when liquids 𝐴 and 𝐵 are mixed is 20∘ C and when liquids 𝐵 and 𝐶
are mixed is 26∘ C. Then the ratio of specific heat capacities of the liquids 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 is
A) 5 : 8 : 10 B) 8 : 10 : 5 C) 5 : 10 : 8 D) 8 : 5 : 10
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
Temperature of mixture of liquids of same mass
𝑇𝐴𝐵 = 𝑇𝐴𝐶𝐶𝐴𝐴++𝑇𝐶𝐵𝐵𝐶𝐵
when liquids A and B mixed
6
 20 = 15CCAA+24C
+CB
B ⇒ 20CA + 20CB = 15CA + 24CB
or, 5𝐶𝐴 = 4𝐶𝐵 ...(i)
Similarly when liquids B and C are mixed
+𝐶𝐶 ⇒ 26C𝐵 + 26𝐶𝐶 = 24𝐶𝐵 + 30C𝐶
26 = 24𝐶𝐶𝐵𝐵+30𝐶𝐶
or, 2CB = 4CC ∴ CB = 2CC ...(ii)
From eq. (i) and (ii)
CA : CB : CC = 8 : 10 : 5
21. Steam at 100∘ C is added to 150 g water to increase its temperature from 20∘ C to 40∘ C. The total mass of the
water at 40∘ C is (specific heat capacity of water = 1calg−1 ∘ C−1 and latent heat of steam = 540calg−1 )
A) 155 g B) 150 g C) 145 g D) 5g
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
Heat gain by water = Heat lost by steam
ms(Δ𝜃) = m × L + ms(Δ𝜃)
150 × 1 × (40 − 20) = m[(540 + 1 × (100 − 40)]
⇒ 150 × 20 = m(540 + 60)
∴m=
150 × 20 = 5 g
600
∴ Total mass of water = 150 + 5 = 155 g.

22. If the ratio of densities of two substances is 5 : 6 and the ratio of their specific heat capacities is 3 : 5, then
the ratio of heat energies required per unit volume so that the two substances can have same
temperature rise is
A) 1:1 B) 1:4 C) 1:2 D) 1:3
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
Ratio of densities of two substance, dd12 = 56
Ratio of their specific heat capacities, 𝑐𝑐12 = 35
Δ𝑄 = 𝑚𝑐Δ𝑇 = 𝑑𝑐Δ𝑇
Δ𝑄1 = 𝑑1𝑐1Δ𝑇
Δ𝑄2 = 𝑑2𝑐2Δ𝑇
Δ𝑄1 = 𝑑1𝑐1 = 5 × 3 = 1
Δ𝑄2 𝑑2𝑐2 6 5 2
23. The heat energy required convert 10 kg of ice at −10∘ C into water at 0∘ C is (specific heat capacity of ice
= 0.5cal g−1 and latent heat of fusion of ice = 80calg−1 )
A) 357 × 104 J B) 357 × 103 J C) 357 × 102 J D) 357 × 105 J
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
Mass of ice, m = 10 kg
Specific heat capacity of ices = 0.5calg−1 = 2093.4Joule/kg
Latent heat of fusion of ice, L = 80calg−1 = 334944 J/kg
Heat energy = ML + MSΔT
= 10 × 334944 + 10 × 2093.4 × [0 − (−10)]
= 3349440 + 209340
= 357 × 104 J
24. The temperature of 100 g of water is to be raised from 24∘ C to 90∘ C by adding steam at 100∘C to it. The
mass of the steam required in this process is (latent heat of steam is 540calg−1 )
A) 2g B) 4g C) 10 g D) 12 g
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
(d) Apply principle of calorimetry
100 × 1 × (90 − 24) = 540𝑚 + 𝑚 × 1 × (100 − 90)
6600 = 540𝑚 + 10𝑚
7
 6600 = 550 m
⇒m=
6600 = 12 g
550
25. Two objects made of the same material have masses ' m ' and ' 2 m ' and are at temperatures ' 2 T ' and ' T
' respectively. When heat ' 𝑄 ' is supplied to the object of mass ' 2 m ', its temperature raises to ' 2 T '. If the
same beat is supplied to the object of mass ' 𝑚 ', its temperature raises to
A) 2𝑇 B) 32𝑇 C) 4𝑇 D) 3𝑇
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
No solution. Refer to answer key.

26. A circular copper ring at 30∘ C has a hole with an area of 9.98 cm2 . It is made to slip onto a steel rod of
crosssectional area of 10 cm2 , by raising the temperature of both ring and rod simultaneously by an
amount ΔT. If the coefficient of linear expansion of copper and steel are 17 × 10−6 /∘ C and 11 × 10−6 /∘ C,
then minimum value of ΔT should be
A) 167.6∘C B) 133.3∘C
C) 83.3∘C D) 249.9∘C
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
For slipping of ring on steel rod
Aring = Arod
⇒ Ao (1 + 𝛽ΔT) = Ao (1 + 𝛽 ΔT)
′ ′

⇒ (𝛽Ao − 𝛽 Ao )ΔT = Ao − Ao
′ ′

⇒ ΔT =
Ao − Ao
′

𝛽A o − 𝛽 A o
′ ′

= 10 − 9.98 = 167.6∘C
2 [17 × 10−6 × 9.98 − 11 × 10−6 × 10]
27. The time required to raise the temperature of 3 litre of water from 0∘ C to 80∘ C by a heater operated under
200 V having resistance of 50Ω is [specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg−1 K−1 ] [density of water
= 1000 kg/m3 ]
A) 12 min B) 18 min C) 21 min D) 24 min
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
Heat absorbed by water
ΔQ1 = mSΔT
= (3 × 4200 × 80)J [∵ m = V𝜌]
Also, heat generated by heater
ΔQ2 = 800 × t [∵ P = VR2 = 200502 = 800 watt ]
So, 3 × 4200 × 80 = 800t
t = 1260sec = 21 min
28. Find the difference in temperature between the water at the top and the bottom of 20 m high waterfall
assuming 10% of the energy of fall is spent in heating the water [Use specific heat capacity of water
= 4000 J kg−1k−1 and g = 10 m/s2]
A) 0.002∘C B) 0.004∘C C) 0.005∘C D) 0.006∘C
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
According to question,
ΔQ = 10% of ΔU
⇒ msΔT = mgh × 0.1
⇒ ΔT =
0.1gh = 10 × 20 = 0.005∘C
S 4000 × 10
8
29. 176 grams of CO2 can change its temperature from 0∘C to 30∘C by absorbing 3600 joules of thermal
energy. Molar specific heat of CO2 in Jmol−1 K−1 is
A) 30 B) 40 C) 50 D) 60
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
ΔQ = nCΔT
⇒ 3600 = ( 176
44 ) C × 30
⇒ 3600 = 120C
⇒ C = 30 J/molK
30. A solution consists of ether and 5.0 g of water at 0∘C. If the ether evaporates completely to freeze the
water, then the mass of the ether in the solution is
A) 5 g B) 4 g C) 4.5 g D) 6 g
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
Latent heat of ether = 90cal/g
Latent heat of water = 80cal/g
Let required mass of ether be ' 𝑚 '
So, heat loss by water = Heat gain by ether
⇒ 5 × 80 = m × 90
⇒ m = 400
90 = 4.44gm ≃ 4gm
31. A metal cube absorbs 2100.0 J of heat when its temperature is raised by 2 °C. If the specific heat of the
metal is 900 J kg−1 K−1 , then the mass of the cube is
A) 1.16 kg B) 2.33 kg C) 1.66 kg D) 1.33 kg
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
Specific heat is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance
by one Celsius degree.
⇒ 𝐻 = 𝑚𝑠 ∆ 𝑇
⇒ 𝑚 = 𝑠∆𝐻𝑇 = 900×2
2100 = 1.16 kg
32. The thickness of a uniform rectangular metal plate is 5 mm and the area of each surface is 5 cm2 . In
steady state, the temperature difference between the two surfaces of the plate is 14∘ C. If the heat flowing
through the plate in one second from one surface to the other surface is 42 J , then the thermal
conductivity of the metal is
A) 90Wm−1 K−1 B) 30Wm−1 K−1 C) 45Wm−1 K−1 D) 60Wm−1 K−1
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
Δx = 5 mm, A = 5 cm2,Δ T = 14∘C,Q = 42 W
∴ At steady state,
Q = K𝐴ΔxΔ T ⇒ K = QΔx
AΔT
∴ Thermal conductivity, 𝐾 = 42×5×10
−3
5×10−4×14
= 30 W m−1k−1
33. The thickness of a uniform rectangular metal plate is 5 mm and the area of each surface is 5 cm2 . In
steady state, the temperature difference between the two surfaces of the plate is 14∘ C. If the heat flowing
through the plate in one second from one surface to the other surface is 42 J , then the thermal
conductivity of the metal is
A) 90Wm−1 K−1 B) 30Wm−1 K−1 C) 45Wm−1 K−1 D) 60Wm−1 K−1
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )

9
 Δx = 5 mm, A = 5 cm2,Δ T = 14∘C,Q = 42 W
∴ At steady state,
𝑄 = KAΔ QΔx
Δx ⇒ K = AΔ T
T
∴ Thermal conductivity, K = 42×5×10
5×10−4×14 = 30 W m K−1
−3
−1

34. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) Specific heat capacity is dependent on nature of substance but independent of its quantity.
B) Specific heat capacity depends on temperature
C) Specific heat capacity of water doesn't vary with temperature.
D) The SI unit of specific heat capacity is JK−1 kg−1.
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
Experiment shows that specific heat depends on
(i) The change in temperature
(ii) Mass of system
(iii) The substance and phase of substance

35. A metal cooking pot has a base area of 0.2 m2 and thickness 2.0 cm. It boils water at a rate of 3.0 kg/min
when placed on a hot plate. The temperature of the part of the lot plate in contact with the pot is
approximately [Thermal conductivity of metal is 120Js−1 m−1 K−1 , heat of vaporisation of water is 2
× 106 J/kg ]
A) 246∘C B) 183∘C C) 162∘C D) 214∘C
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
Given, Area A = 0.2 m
thickness d = 2 cm = 0.02 m
dQ = KA ΔT = mL
dt d dt
3 × 2 × 106 = 120 × 0.2 ( T − 100)
60 0.02
T = 183∘C
36. A solid sphere at a temperature 𝐓 𝐊 is cut in to two hemispheres. The ratio of energies radiated by one
hemisphere to the whole sphere per second is
A) 1:1 B) 1:2 C) 3:4 D) 1:4
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
From Stefan's law
E∝A
Initial area of hemisphere, A1 = 4𝜋r2
Final area of hemisphere, 𝐴2 = 2𝜋r2 + 𝜋r2 = 3𝜋r2
∴ 𝐸𝐸21 = 34𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟2 = 34
2

37. Consider two black bodies A and B having equal surface areas. On the surface of 𝐴, ' 𝑛 ' photons of
frequency ' 𝑓 ' are incident perpendicularly in a time ' 𝑡 '. On the surface of 𝐵, ' 2n ' photons of frequency '
3f ' are incident perpendicularly in a time ' 4t '. The ratio of average intensity of radiation on surface 𝐴 to
that on surface 𝐵 is
A) 2:3 B) 3:2 C) 1 : 12 D) 1 : 24
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
Intensity of radiation, 𝐼 = 𝐴𝑡
𝐸
For surface A,
nf
IA = At
10
 For surface 𝐵.

𝐼𝐵 = 3𝐴𝑓 ×× 42𝑡𝑛
𝐼𝐴 𝑛𝑓 𝐴 × 4𝑡 2
𝐼𝐵 = 𝐴𝑡 × 3𝑓 × 2𝑛 = 3
38. An object cools from 100°C to 40°C in 10 minutes, when the surrounding temperature is 10°C. Then the
time taken by the object to cool from 70°C to 20°C is
[Take ln2 = 0.7,ln3 = 1.1,ln6 = 1.8]
A) 30min B) 8.5min C) 22.4min D) 16.3min
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
According to Newton's cooling law, rate of cooling is
d𝜃 ∝ (𝜃 − 𝜃0 )
d𝑡
Here, 𝜃 =the temperature of the body
𝜃0 =Room temperature(constant)
Let 𝑘 be the proportionality constant and 𝜃 be the temperature.
Therefore,
d𝜃 = −𝑘 (𝜃 − 𝜃0 )
d𝑡
⇒ ∫𝜃𝜃12 (𝜃−d𝜃𝜃0) = −𝑘 ∫0𝑡 d 𝑡
⇒ ln ( 𝜃𝜃21−−𝜃𝜃00 ) = 𝑘𝑡
Taking ratios,
40−10 )
ln( 100
ln( 2070−−1010 ) = 𝑡2
−10 10
⇒ 𝑡2 = 10 × ln6 ln3 = 16.3 min
39. The radiated power of a body at 400 K is 1000 W. If the temperature is raised to 800 K, what would be the
radiated power of the body?
A) 12000 W B) 15000 W C) 16000 W D) 18000 W
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
The radiated power of a body, 𝑃1 = 1000 W
Temperature, 𝑇1 = 400 K
As, we know that according to Stefan's Boltzmann's law,
Radiated power ∝ (Temperature )4
∴ If the radiated power at temperature 𝑇2 = 800 K is 𝑃2 , then 𝑃𝑃21 = ( 𝑇𝑇21 )4
𝑃2 = 𝑃1 × ( 𝑇𝑇21 ) = 1000 × ( 800
4 4
⇒ )
400
= 16000 W
40. A metal ball of mass 1 kg is heated using a 40 W heated in a room at 30∘ C. The temperature of the ball
becomes stady at 70∘ C. Assuming Newton's law of cooling, the rate of loss of heat to the surrounding
when the ball is at 40∘ C is
A) 20 W B) 5 W C) 25 W D) 10 W
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
Mass of the ball, 𝑚 = 1 kg
Power of the heater, 𝑃 = 40 W
Room temperature, 𝑇0 = 30∘ C

11
 and 𝑇 = 70∘ C
By Newton's law of cooling, 𝑑𝑄
𝑑𝑡 = 𝑘 (𝑇 − 𝑇0)
⇒ 𝑘(70 − 30) = 𝑑𝑄𝑑𝑡 = 40
⇒ 𝑘 = 4040 = 1

When, 𝑇1 = 40∘ C, then 𝑑𝑄

𝑑𝑡
1 = 𝑘 (𝑇1 − 𝑇0)
⇒
𝑑𝑄1 = 1(40 − 30) = 10 W
𝑑𝑡
41. A wooden block of density 0.5 g/cc is tied to a string. The other end of the string is fixed to the bottom of
a tank. The tank is filled with a liquid of density 1 g/cc. If the tension of the string is 20 N, then the mass of
the block is
(Take 𝑔 = 10 m/s2 )
A) 1 kg B) 2 kg C) 3 kg D) 0.5 kg
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
At equilibrium, tension in the string must be equal to apparent weight of the block in liquid, 𝑇 = 𝑊𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡
⇒ 𝑇 = 𝐹𝐵 − 𝑊
⇒ 𝑇 = 𝜌𝑙 𝑉 𝑔 − 𝜌𝑠 𝑉 𝑔
On putting all the corresponding values, we have
⇒ 20 = (1000 − 500) 𝑉 × 10
⇒ 𝑉 = 5000
20 = 1 m3
250

Mass of the block is, 𝑚 = 𝜌𝑠 𝑉

⇒ 𝑚 = 500 × 250
1 = 2 kg

42. The wavelength of the radiation emitted by a black body is 6 mm and Wein's constant is 3
× 10−3 mK. Then temperature of black body is
A) 5K B) 3K C) 0.5 K D) 50 K
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
From Wein's displacement law, we have 𝜆𝑚 𝑇 =𝑏
⇒ (6 × 10−3 ) 𝑇 = 3 × 10−3
⇒ 𝑇 = 3×10
6×10−3 = 2 = 0.5 K
1
−3

43. Match the columns I and II

Column I Column II
A Stoke's law I Pressure and energy
B Turbulence II Hydraulic lift
C Bernoulli's Principle III Viscous drag
D Pascal's law IV Reynold's number
The correct match is

A) A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II B) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV

C) A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III D) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
Stokes law is also known as the frictional force also called drag force exerted on spherical objects with very
small Reynolds numbers in a viscous fluid.
The turbulence or turbulent flow is fluid motion characterised by chaotic changes in pressure and flow
velocity. It is in contrast to a laminar flow, which occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption

12
 between those layers.
In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously
with a decrease in static pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy.
Pascal's law is a principle in fluid mechanics, that states that a pressure change at any point in a confined
incompressible fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid such that the same change occurs everywhere. The
example of Pascal law is Hydraulics lift.
44. One end of a uniform glass capillary tube of radius 𝑟 = 0.025 cm is immersed vertically in water to a depth
ℎ = 1 cm. The excess pressure in N/m2 required to blow an air bubble out of the tube (Surface tension of
water = 7 × 10−2 N/m Density of water = 103 kg/m3 . Acceleration due to gravity = 10 m/s2 )
A) 0.0048 × 105 B) 0.0066 × 105 C) 1.0048 × 105 D) 1.0066 × 105
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
Excess pressure

𝑝 = ℎ𝑑𝑔 + ℎ 𝑑𝑔 ⇒ 𝑝 = 𝑑𝑔 (ℎ + ℎ )
′ ′

2𝑇
where ℎ is capillary rise = 𝑟𝑑𝑔

= 2 ×−75 × 10 3
−2

25 × 10 × 10 × 10
= 0.056 m
∴ 𝑝 = 103 × 10[0.056 + 0.01]
= 0.066 × 104
= 0.0066 × 105Nm−2
45. Two spherical soap bubbles of radii 𝑟1 and 𝑟2 in vacuum combine under isothermal conditions. The
resulting bubble has a radius equal to:
√
A) 𝑟1+2 𝑟2 B) 𝑟𝑟11+𝑟𝑟22 C) 𝑟1 𝑟2 D) √𝑟21 + 𝑟22
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
Excess of pressure, inside the first bubble
𝑝1 = 4𝑟𝑇1
Similarly, 𝑝2 = 4𝑟𝑇2
Let the radius of the large bubble be 𝑅.
Then, excess of pressure inside the large bubble,
𝑝 = 4𝑇
𝑅
Under isothermal condition, temperature remains constant.
So, 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑝1 𝑉1 + 𝑝2 𝑉2
4𝑇 ( 4 𝜋𝑅3 ) = 4𝑇 ( 4 𝜋𝑟3 ) + 4𝑇 ( 4 𝜋𝑟3 )
𝑅 3 𝑟1 3 1 𝑟2 3 2
𝑅2 = 𝑟21 + 𝑟22
⇒ 𝑅 = √𝑟21 + 𝑟22

46. A glass capillary tube of inner diameter 0.28 mm is lowered vertically into water in a vessel. The pressure
to be applied on the water in the capillary tube so that water level in the tube is same as that in the vessel
(in N/m2 ) is Surface tension of water = 0.07 N/m Atmospheric pressure = 105 N/m2
A) 103 B) 99 × 103 C) 100 × 103 D) 101 × 103
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
Diameter 𝑑 = 0.28 mm = 0.28 × 10−3 m
Radius 𝑟 = 𝑑2 = 0.14 × 10−3 m
Surface tension 𝑇 = 0.07 N/m
𝑟ℎ𝑑𝑔
𝑇 = 2cos 𝜃

13
 For water 𝜃 = 0∘
∴ cos 𝜃 = 1
𝑇 = 𝑟(ℎ2𝑑𝑔) = 𝑟𝑃2

𝑃 = 2𝑟𝑇 = 0.14
2 × 0.07
×2 10−3
= 1 × 10 N/m
3
Total pressure = 𝑃 + atmospheric pressure
= 1 × 103 + 105
= 1 × 103 + 100 × 103
= 101 × 103 N/m2
47. When an air bubble of radius 𝑟 rises from the bottom to the surface of a lake. Its radius becomes 54𝑟 (the
pressure of the atmosphere is equal to the 10 m height to water column). If the temperature is constant
and the surface tension is neglected the depth of the lake is
A) 5.53 m B) 6.53 m C) 9.53 m D) 12.53 m
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
Initial pressure 𝑝1 = atmospheric pressure + pressure of liquid column
= ℎ𝑑𝑔 + ℎ1𝑑𝑔
ℎ = 10 m of water,
ℎ1 = depth of lake
𝑝1 = 𝑑𝑔 (ℎ + ℎ1)
From,
𝑝1 𝑉1 = 𝑝2 𝑉2
𝑑𝑔(10 + ℎ) × 43 𝜋𝑟31 = ℎ𝑑𝑔 × 43 𝜋𝑟32
(10 + ℎ) × 𝑟3 = 10 × ( 5 𝑟)
3
4
125
(10 + ℎ) = 10 × 64
ℎ=
1250 − 10
64
⇒ ℎ=
610
64 = 9.53 m
48. A mercury drop of radius 1 cm is sprayed into 106 drops of equal size. The energy expended in joules is
(Surface tension of mercury is 460 × 10−3 N/m)
A) 0.057 B) 5.7 C) 5.7 × 10−4 D) 5.7 × 10−3
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
𝑅 = 1 cm, 𝑛 = 106
Total volume of small drops = volume of big drop
106 × 4 𝜋𝑟3 = 4 𝜋𝑅3
3 3
106𝑟3 = 𝑅3
𝑟 = 10𝑅2

14
 Energy expended = work done
= Δ𝐴 × 𝑇
= (𝑛4𝜋𝑟2 − 4𝜋𝑅2) 𝑇
= 4𝜋 (𝑛𝑟2 − 𝑅2) 𝑇
= 4𝜋 (𝑛( 10𝑅2 ) − 𝑅2) 𝑇
2

= 4𝜋𝑅2 [𝑛 1 4 − 1] 𝑇
10
= 4 × 3.14 × (1 × 10−2)2
× [106 × 1 4 − 1] × 460 × 10−3
10
= 4 × 3.14 × 10−4 × (102 − 1) × 460 × 10−3
= 4 × 3.14 × 10−4 × 99 × 460 × 10−3
= 0.057 J
49. Consider a steady flow of oil in a pipeline. The cross-sectional radius of the pipeline decreases gradually as
𝑟 = 𝑟0𝑒−𝛼𝑥, where 𝛼 = 13 m−1 and 𝑥 is the distance from the pipeline inlet. If 𝑅1 is the Reynold's number for
a certain pipeline cross-section at a distance 𝑥1 metre from the inlet and 𝑅2 is for distance (𝑥1 + 3) metre,
then the ratio 𝑅𝑅12 is
A) 1 𝑒 B) 𝑒 C) 1 𝑒3 D) 1 𝑒6
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )

Reynold's number of flow is given by

𝑅 = 2𝑣𝜌𝑟
𝑒 𝜂
where, 𝑣 = velocity of flow, 𝜌 = density of fluid, 𝑟 = radius of tube and 𝜂 = viscosity of flow Now, required ratio
is
𝑅1 = ( 2𝑣1𝜌𝑟1 ) / ( 2𝑣2𝜌𝑟2 )
𝑅2 𝜂 𝜂
𝑅1 = 𝑣1 × 𝑟1
𝑅2 𝑣2 𝑟2
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
𝑅1 = 𝑟22 × 𝑟1 = 𝑟2
𝑅2 𝑟21 𝑟2 𝑟1
⇒
𝑅1 = 𝑟0𝑒−𝛼(𝑥1+3) = 𝑒−𝛼𝑥1 ⋅ 𝑒−3𝛼 = 𝑒−3𝛼
𝑅2 𝑟0𝑒−𝛼𝑥1 𝑒−𝛼𝑥1
= 13𝛼 = 1 (∵ 𝛼 = 1 m−1)
𝑒 𝑒 3
50. A copper ball of radius 3.0 mm falls in an oil tank of viscosity 1 kg/ms. Then, the terminal velocity of the
copper ball will be (Density of oil = 1.5 × 103 kg/m3 , Density of copper = 9 × 103 kg/m3 and 𝑔 = 10 m/s2 .)
A) 18 × 102 m/s B) 25 × 102 m/s C) 15 × 102 m/s D) 20 × 102 m/s
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
Given, radius of copper ball, 𝑟 = 3 × 10−3 m, viscosity of oil, 𝜂 = 1 kg/ms, density of oil, 𝜌 = 1.5 × 103 kg/m3 and
density of copper, 𝜎 = 9 × 103 kg/m3
Terminal velocity, 𝑣𝑇 = 29 𝑟 (𝜎𝑛−𝜌)𝑔
2

Putting the given values, we get

15
 2
(3 × 10 −3 ) (9 × 10 3 − 1.5 × 10 3 ) × 10
2
=9× 1
2
= 9 × 9 × 10−6 × 7.5 × 103 × 10
⇒ 𝑣𝑇 = 15 × 10−2 m/s

Hence, the correct option is (3).

51. A shower head has 25 circular openings, each with radius 1 mm. The shower head is connected to a pipe
with radius 2 cm. If the speed of the water in the pipe is 25 cm/s. What is its speed as it exits the shower
head openings?
A) 1 m/s B) 2 m/s C) 4 m/s D) 5 m/s
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
Radius of each circular opening,
𝑟1 = 1 mm
= 10−3 m

∴ Cross-sectional area of each opening,

𝐴1 = 𝜋𝑟21 = 𝜋 × 10−6 m2

Radius of the pipe,

𝑟2 = 2 cm = 0.02 m

∴ Cross-sectional area of pipe,

𝐴2 = 𝜋𝑟22
= 𝜋 × (0.02)2 m2

The speed of water in the pipe,

𝑣2 = 25 cm/s
= 0.25 m/s

Let the speed of water when it exits from the circular openings is 𝑣1 m/s.
Number of circular openings, 𝑛 = 25
As, the flow rate is always constant.
∴ 25𝐴1𝑣1 = 𝐴2𝑣2
⇒ 𝑣1 =
𝐴2
25𝐴1 𝑣2
= 𝜋𝜋××(0.02)
2 0.25
10 × 25 = 4 m/s
−6

52. A horizontal pipeline carrying gasoline has a cross-sectional diameter of 5 mm. If the viscosity and density
of the gasoline are 6 × 10−3 Poise and 720 kg/m3 respectively, the velocity after which the flow becomes
twrbulent is
A) > 1.66 m/s B) > 3.33 m/s C) > 1.6 × 10−3 m/s D) > 0.33 m/s
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
Given,
Diameter of pipe (𝑑) = 5 mm = 5 × 10−3 m
16
 Density of gasoline (𝜌) = 720 kg/m3 .
Viscocity of gasoline (𝜂) = 6 × 10−3 Poise
We know that, 𝑣𝑐 = 𝜌𝜂𝑑 = 720×5×10
6×10−3 −3

6 × 10−3 = 1 = 1 × 10−2
= 3600 × 10−3 600 6−3
= 1.66 × 10 m/s
53. The terminal velocity of a liquid drop of radius ' 𝑟 ' falling through air is 𝑣. If two such drops are combined
to form a bigger drop, the terminal velocity with which the bigger drop falls through air is (ignore any
buoyant force due to air)
√ √ √
A) 2𝑣 B) 2𝑣 C) 3 4𝑣 D) 3 2𝑣
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
Terminal velocity 𝑣 = 29 𝑟 (𝜌𝜂−𝜎)𝑔
2

When, the two drops of same radius 𝑟 coalesce then radius of new drop is 𝑅.
∴ 4 𝜋𝑅3= 43 𝜋𝑟3 + 43 𝜋𝑟3
3
⇒ 𝑅 = 21/3 𝑟 ⋅

Critical velocity ∝ 𝑟2
∴ 𝑣 = 22/3𝑟2 𝑟2
𝑣1 √ ⋅

⇒ 𝑉1 = 3 4 𝑣 ⋅

54. Eight spherical rain drops of the same mass and radius are falling down with a terminal speed of 6 cm
− s−1 . If they coalesce to form one big drop, what will be the terminal speed of bigger drop? (Neglect the
buoyancy of the air)
A) 1.5 cm−1 s−1 B) 6 cm−s−1 C) 24 cm−1 s−1 D) 32 cm−1 s−1
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
Let now radius of big drop is 𝑅.
Then,
4 𝜋𝑅3 = 4 × 𝜋𝑟3 ⋅ 8
3 3
𝑅 = 2𝑟
where 𝑟 is radius of small drops. Now, terminal velocity of drop in liquid.
𝑣𝑒 = 29 × 𝑟𝜂2 (𝜌 − 𝜎)𝑔
where 𝜂 is coefficient of viscosity and 𝜌 is density of drop 𝜎 is density of liquid.
Terminal speed drop is 6 cm s−1

Let terminal velocity becomes 𝑣′ after coalesce, then

Dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), we get

6 = 29 𝑟𝜂 (𝜌 − 𝜎)𝑔
2

𝑣′ 29 𝑅𝜂2 (𝜌 − 𝜎)𝑔
or 𝑣6′ = (2𝑟𝑟)2
2

or 𝑣′ = 24 cm s−1
17
55. Two rain drops reach the earth with different terminal velocities having ratio 9 : 4. Then the ratio of their
volumes is
A) 3:2 B) 4:9 C) 9:4 D) 27 : 8
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
Terminal velocity, 𝑣𝑇 ∝ 𝑟2
𝑣𝑇1 = 𝑟21
𝑣𝑇2 𝑟22
√ 9 = 𝑟1
4 𝑟2
𝑟1 = 3
𝑟2 2
𝑣 = 43 𝜋𝑟3
𝑣1 = 𝑟31 = 27
𝑣2 𝑟32 8

56. An air bubble of radius 1 cm rises from the bottom portion through a liquid of density 1.5 g/cc at a
constant speed of 0.25 cm s−1 . If the density of air is neglected, the coefficient of viscosity of the liquid is
approximately, (In Pas) :
A) 13000 B) 1300 C) 130 D) 13
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
𝑣 = 29 𝑟 𝜂𝜌𝑔
2

⇒ 𝜂 = 29 ⋅ 𝑟 𝑣𝜌𝑔
2
−2 ) 2 ×(1.5×10 3 )×9.8
= 29 (1×10 0.25×10 −2

= 130 pa-s.
57. An iron sphere of mass 20 × 10−3 kg falls through a viscous liquid with terminal velocity 0.5 ms−1. The
terminal velocity (in ms−1 ) of another iron sphere of mass 54 × 10−2 kg is
A) 4.5 B) 3.5 C) 2.5 D) 1.5
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
Terminal velocity, 𝑣 ∝ 𝑟2
𝑣 1 𝑟 1 2
or 𝑣 = ( 𝑟 ) = [( 𝑟 ) ] 𝑟 1 3 23
2 2 2
𝑣1 = ( 𝑀1 )2/3
𝑣2 𝑀2
∴
0.5 = ( 20 × 10−3 )2/3
𝑣2 54 × 10−2
0.5 = 1 ⇒ 𝑣2 = 4.5 m/s
𝑣2 9
58. What is the rate at which a trapped bubble of 2 mm diameter rises slightly through a solution of density
13.6 × 103 kg/m3 and coefficient of viscosity 1.5 centipoise? Assume, the density of air is negligible and 𝑔
= 10 m/s2.
A) 20 m/s B) 2 m/s C) 0.2 m/s D) 0.02 m/s
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
Emperical formula for velocity of small bubbles rising through a fluid is

𝑣terminal = 1.15 ( 𝑔𝑑 (𝜌𝜂𝑓 𝑓− 𝜌𝑔) ) × 10−2

18
 where, 𝑑 = mean diameter, 𝜌𝑓 = density of fluid, 𝜌𝑔 = density of gas of bubble and 𝜂𝑓 = viscosity index of fluid.
𝑣 = 1.15 × 10 × 2 ×1.510× 10×−1.3 × 103 × 10−2
−3
2
= 19.99 ms = 20 ms .
−1 −1

59. A block of iron contains a hollow cavity as shown below. The block weighs 6000 N in air and 4000 N in
water. If the density of iron and water are 6 g/cm3 and 1 g/cm3 , then the volume of the cavity is (assume, 𝑔

= 10 m/s2 )
A) 0.05 m3 B) 0.5 m3 C) 0.25 m3 D) 0.1 m3
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
Weight of block in air, 𝑤air = 6000 N
Weight of block in water, 𝑤water = 4000 N

According to figure given,

volume of cavity,
𝑉1 = volume of water displaced - volume of iron
= weight of𝜌water
water displaced − weight of iron
×𝑔 𝜌iron ×𝑔
= 6000 −4000 −
103×10
6000
6×103×10
∵ 𝜌iron = 6 g/cm3 = 6 × 103 kg/m3
[ ]
𝜌water = 1 g/cm3 = 1 × 103 kg/m3
= 0.2 − 0.1 = 0.1 m3
60. The highest temperature, density and pressure is found on Earth:
A) near the earth’s surface B) in the middle of the earth
C) in the atmosphere above the earth D) at the center of the Earth
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
Hint The vertical pressure at height ℎ from the
Earth surface is given by expression

19
 𝑝ℎ = 𝑝0𝑒−𝑚𝑔ℎ/𝑘𝑇
where, 𝑘 = Boltzmann's constant 𝑔 = gravitational acceleration and 𝑝0 = pressure at the earth surface
61. A cubical block of wood, of length 10 cm, floats at the interface between oil of density 800 kg/m3 and water.
The lower surface of the block is 1.5 cm below the interface. If the depth of water is 10 cm below the
interface and oil is upto 10 cm above the interface then the difference in pressure at the lower and the
upper face of the wooden block is (Assume density of water, 𝜌 = 1000 kg/m3 and acceleration of gravity, 𝑔

= 10 m/s2 )
A) 850 Pa B) 780 Pa C) 800 Pa D) 830 Pa
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
Given, length of cubical block, 𝑙 = 10 cm = 0.1 m

density of oil, 𝜌0 = 800 kg/m3

and density of water, 𝜌𝑤 = 103 kg/m3
If 𝑉1 and 𝑉2 be the volume of wooden block in water and oil respectively, then
𝑉1 : 𝑉2 = 1.5 : 8.5
𝑉1 = 1.5 = 3
𝑉2 8.5 17
∴ 𝑉1 = 𝑉2
3
17

∴ 𝑉1 + 𝑉2 = 𝑉 , where, 𝑉 is the volume of the block.

From Eq. (i), we get

17 𝑉2 + 𝑉2 = 𝑉 ⇒ 𝑉2 = 1720 V
3
∴ 𝑉1 = 203 V

If 𝜌 be the density of the block.

∴ weight of block = weight of oil displaced + weight of water displaced

20
 𝑉 𝜌𝐺 = 𝑉1𝜌𝜔𝑔 + 𝑉2𝜌oil 𝑔
𝑉 𝜌𝑔 = 203 𝑉 𝜌𝑤𝑔 + 17
20 𝑉 𝜌oil 𝑔
𝜌=
3 17 3 17
20 𝜌𝑤 + 20 𝜌oil = 20 ×31000 + 20 × 800
= 830 kg/m

∴ Pressure difference

𝑝 = 𝜌𝑔ℎ = 830 × 10 × 0.1 = 830 Pa

62. Consider a vessel filled with a liquid upto height 𝐻 . The bottom of the vessel lies in the 𝑋 − 𝑌 plane
passing through the origin. The density of the liquid varies with 𝑍 -axis as 𝜌 (𝑧) = 𝜌0 [2 − ( 𝐻𝑧 )2 ]. If 𝑃1 and 𝑃2
are the pressures at the bottom surface and top surface of the liquid, the magnitude of (𝑃1 − 𝑃2 ) is :
A) 𝜌0 𝑔𝐻 B) 85 𝜌0 𝑔𝐻 C) 32 𝜌0 𝑔𝐻 D) 53 𝜌0 𝑔𝐻
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
2
Given that, 𝑃 (𝑍 ) = 𝜌0 (2 − ( 𝐻𝑍 ) )

Let a small column of liquid thickness be 𝑑𝑧.

Pressure due to column,
𝑑𝑃1 = 𝜌0 ((2 − 𝐻𝑍 ) 2] 𝑔𝑑𝑧 + 𝑃2
𝑃1 = ∫0𝜋 𝜌0 (2 − ( 𝐻𝑍 )2) 𝑔𝑑𝑧 + 𝑃2

= 𝜌0𝑔 ∫0𝜋 (2 − 𝐻𝑍 22 ) 𝑑𝑧 + 𝑃2
′

= 𝜌0𝑔 (2𝐻 − 3𝐻1 2 (𝐻 3)) + 𝑃2

𝑃1 = 𝜌0𝑔 (2𝐻 − 𝐻3 ) + 𝑃2
𝑃1 − 𝑃2 = 𝜌0𝑔 53𝐻 = 53 𝜌0𝑔𝐻
63. An insulated cylindrical vessel filled with an insulated piston of negligible weight and negligible thickness
at the mid point of the vessel. The cylinder contains a gas at 0∘ C. When the gas is heated to 100∘ C, the
piston moves through a length of 5 cm. Length of the cylindrical vessel in cm is
A) 13.65 B) 27.3 C) 38.6 D) 64.6
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )

21
 According to question,

∴ 𝐿/2
273 = (𝐿/2)+5
373
⇒ 273 ( 2 + 5) = 373 ( 𝐿2 )
𝐿
or 273 × 5 = 100 ( 𝐿 )
2
or 𝐿 = 27.3 cm
64. A hydraulic lift as shown in the figure is used to lift a mass of 1000 kg, which is placed on a piston (𝑃1 ) of
area 1 m2 . If the cross-section area of the piston (𝑃2 ) at the other end is 0.01 m2 , then how much mass

needs to be put on it to lift the 1000 kg ?

A) 1 kg B) 10 kg C) 50 kg D) 100 kg
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
According to Pascal's law,
𝑃1 = 𝑃2

⇒ 𝐹1 = 𝐴𝐹22
𝐴1
⇒ 1000𝑔 = 𝑚2𝑔 [∵ 𝐴 = lm2 , 𝐴 = 0.0 lm2 ]
1 0.01 1 2
⇒ 𝑚2 = 1000 × 0.01 = 10 kg
22
65. A non-conducting body floats in a liquid at 20∘ C with 23 of its volume immersed in the liquid. When liquid
temperature is increased to 100∘ C, 34 of body's volume is immersed in the liquid. Then the coefficient of
real expansion of the liquid is (neglecting the expansion of container of the liquid)
A) 15.6 × 10−4∘ C−1 B) 156 × 10−4∘ C−1 C) 1.56 × 10−4∘ C−1 D) 0.156 × 104∘ C−1
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
Coefficient of real expansion
𝛾𝑅 = 2 1
𝑉 −𝑉
𝑉1 (𝑡2 − 𝑡1)
Here, 𝑉2 = 34 , 𝑉1 = 23
and (𝑡2 − 𝑡1) = (100 − 20) = 80∘C
(3 − 2) 1
∴ 𝛾𝑅 = 42 3 =
3 (80) 640
= 15.6 × 10−4 ∘ C−1

66. A cubical block of wood having mass of 160 g has a metal piece fastened underneath as shown in the
figure. Find the maximum mass of the metal piece which will allow the block to float in water. Specific
gravity of wood is 0.8 and that metal is 10 and density of water = 1 g/cc.

A) 55.5 g B) 44.4 g C) 33.3 g D) 66.6 g

Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
Volume of wood block = Density
Mass = 160
0.8×1
= 1600
8 = 200 cm 3
Let mass of metal piece is 𝑥 g.
Mass = 𝑥 = 𝑥 cm3
Volume of metal piece = Density 10×1 10
Total volume of fluid displaced
= (200 + 10𝑥 ) × 10−6 m3
Weight of fluid displaced = 𝑉 × 𝜌𝑓 × 𝑔
= (200 + 10𝑥 ) 10−6 × 1000 × 10
= (200 + 10𝑥 ) 10−2 N
If block floats in water, then weight = upthrust
⇒ (160 + 𝑥)10 × 10−3 = (200 + 10𝑥 ) × 10−2
160 + 𝑥 = 200 + 10𝑥
9𝑥 = 40
10
𝑥 = 4009 = 44.4 g

23
67. The tension in a massless cable connected to an iron ball of 100 kg when it is submerged in sea water is
⟨𝜌 iron = 8 × 10 3 kg/m 3 and 𝜌 sea watex = 1000 kg/m 3 , 𝑔 = 10 m/s 2 )

A) 950 N B) 846 N C) 875 N D) 933 N

Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
Given, mass of iron ball, 𝑚 = 100 kg density of iron ball, Piron = 8 × 103 kg/m3 density of sea water 𝑝sea water
= 1000 kg/m3 and acceleration due to gravity, 𝑔 = 10 m/s2 When the ball is submerged in sea water, then
upthrust force acting on the ball in upward direction. When the ball is completely submerged, it's effective
weight gets decreased. This decrease in weight would be equal to the upthrust on the body according to
Archimedes principle. Hence tension 𝑇 in the massless cable is equal to the apparent weight on the ball.
i.e., 𝑇 = apparent weight

𝑇 = 𝑊 (1 − 𝑃sea𝑃ironwater ) = 𝑚𝑔 (1 − 8 1000
× 103
)
= 100 × 10 (1 − 18 ) = 1000 × 78 = 875 N
68. A water tank kept on the ground has an orifice of 2 mm diameter on the vertical side. What is the
minimum height of the water above the orifice for which the output flow of water is found to be
turbulent? (Assume, 𝑔 = 10 m/s2 , 𝜌water = 103 kg/m3 , viscosity = 1 centi-poise)
A) 3 cm B) 4 cm C) 6 cm D) 11 cm
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
Here, 𝐷 = 2 mm, 𝜂 = 1 centi-poise = 10−3 Pa − s and density of the water, 𝜌 = 103 kg/m3
For flow to be just turbulent, 𝑅𝑒 = 3000

𝑣 = 𝑅𝜌𝐷𝑒𝜂 = 103000 × 10 −3
∴ 3 × 2 × 10−3 = 1.5

We know that the velocity head, ℎ = 2𝑣𝑔

2

⇒ ℎ=
(1.5)2 = 0.1125 ≃ 11 cm
2 × 10

So, no option is matched.

69. A pipe having an internal diameter 𝐷 is connected to another pipe of same size. Water flows into the
second pipe through ' 𝑛 ' holes, each of diameter 𝑑. If the water in the first pipe has speed 𝑣, the specd of
water leaving the second pipe is
A) 𝐷𝑛𝑑2𝑣 B) 𝐷𝑑2𝑣 C) 𝑛𝑑𝐷2𝑣 D) 𝜋𝑑𝑑𝑣2
2 2 2 2

Solution : (Correct Answer: A )

𝜋( 𝐷2 )2 𝑋𝑣 = 𝑛( 𝑑2 )2 𝑋𝑣′ , 𝑣 = 𝐷𝑛𝑑22𝑣
′

70. A horizontal pipe of non-uniform cross-section allows water to flow through it with a velocity 1 ms−1 when
pressure is 50kPa at a point. If the velocity of flow has to be 2 ms−1 at some other point, the pressure at
that point should be
A) 50kPa B) 100kPa C) 48.5kPa D) 24.25kPa
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )

24
 According to Bernoulli's equation for horizontal pipe,

𝑃1 + 12 𝜌𝑣21 = 𝑃2 + 12 𝜌𝑣22
1
⇒ 𝑃1 + 𝜌 (𝑣21 − 𝑣22 ) = 𝑃2
2
1
⇒ 𝑃2 = 50 × 103 + × 103 × (12 − 22 )
2
⇒ 𝑃2 = 50 × 103 − 1.5 × 103
= 48.5kPa
71. The rate of steady volume flow of water through a capillary tube of length 𝑙 and radius 𝑟, under a pressure
difference of 𝑝 is 𝑉 . This tube is connected with another tube of the same length but half the radius, in
series. Then, the rate of steady volume flow through them is (The pressure difference across the
combination is 𝑝. )
A) 16𝑉 𝑉
B) 17 C) 1617V D) 1716V
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
The rate of flow of water inside a capillary, 𝑉 = 𝜋8𝑝𝑟
4
𝑛𝑙
Pressure difference, 𝑝 = 𝑉 𝜋(8𝑟𝑛𝑙4 )
′

In series combination,
𝑝 = 𝑝1 + 𝑝2
where, 𝑝1 and 𝑝2 are the pressure difference in the two tubes.
∴ 𝑉 𝜋(8𝑟𝑛𝑙4 ) = 𝑉 𝜋(8𝑟4𝑛𝑙) + 𝑉𝜋(𝑟(8/2)𝑛𝑙4)
′ ′

In series combination, rate of flow of water (𝑉 ′ ) will be same in both the tubes.
∴ 𝑟𝑉4 = 𝑉𝑟4 + 𝑉 𝑟×16
′ ′

4
𝑉 = 𝑉 + 16𝑉
′ ′

𝑉 = 17𝑉
′

72. Tanks 𝐴 and 𝐵 open at the top contain two different liquids upto certain height in them. A hole is made to
the wall of each tank at a depth ℎ from the surface of the liquid. The area of the hole in 𝐵 is twice that of in
𝐴. If the liquid mass flux through each hole is equal, then the ratio of the densities of the liquids
respectively, is
A) 1 B) 32 C) 23 D) 12
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
Let the velocity of liquid from hole in 𝐴 is 𝑣1 and velocity of liquid from hole in 𝐵 is 𝑣2 , then from equation of
continuity
𝐴1 𝑣1 = 𝐴2 𝑣2
𝐴𝑣1 = 2𝐴𝑣2
𝑣2 = 𝑣21

Volume of liquid coming out per second from hole in tank 𝐴 = 𝐴1 𝑣1 = 𝐴𝑣1

∴ Mass 𝑚1 = 𝐴𝑣1𝜌1

25
 Similarly,
𝑚2 = 𝐴2 𝑣2 𝜌2
= 2𝐴 𝑣21 𝜌2
⋅

= 𝐴𝑣1𝜌2

But
𝑚1 = 𝑚2
𝐴𝑣1𝜌1 = 𝐴𝑣1𝜌2
𝜌1
𝜌2
=1

73. Water is conveyed through a uniform tube of 8 cm in diameter and 3140 m in length at the rate 2 × 10−3 m3
per second. The pressure required in maintain the flow is (Viscosity of water = 10−3 SI units)
A) 6.25 × 103 Nm−3 B) 0.625Nm−2 C) 0.0625Nm−2 D) 0.00625Nm−2
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
Radius 𝑟 = 82 cm = 4 cm = 4 × 10−2 m,
Rate of flow of water
𝑄 = 2 × 10−3 m3/s
𝜋𝑃𝑟2
𝑄 = 8𝜂𝑙
⇒ 𝑃 = 𝑄𝜋(8𝑟𝜂4 𝑙)
𝜂 = coefficient of viscosity of water = 10−3 SI units
𝑃 = 2 × 10 × 8 × 10 −2×43140
−3 −3
∴
3.14 × (4 × 10 )
= 3.14 ×× 3140
2 × 8 × 10−6
2562 × 10−8
= 3140 × 10
3.14 × 163
= 100 16
× 10 ]
= 6.25 × 103 N/m2
74. A cylindrical vessel of height 50 cm is filled with water and rests on a table. A small hole is made at the
height ℎ from the bottom of the vessel so that the water jet could hit the table surface at a maximum
distance 𝑥max from the vessel as shown in the figure. The value of 𝑥max will be (Neglect the viscosity of

water.)
A) 15 cm B) 35 cm C) 50 cm D) 40 cm
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
Given, height of cylinder, 𝐻 = 50 cm

26
 The given situation is shown in the figure.
Range (maximum distance) is given by

𝑥 = 2√ℎ(𝐻 − ℎ)

𝑥 will be maximum only when 𝑑𝑑𝑥ℎ = 0

2.1[ℎ(−1) + (𝐻 − ℎ)1] = 0

2√ℎ(𝐻 − ℎ) − ℎ + (𝐻 − ℎ) = 0
𝐻 − 2ℎ = 0
∴ ℎ = 𝐻2

Hence, 𝑥 will be maximum, when ℎ = 𝐻2

∴ From Eqs. (i), we get

𝑥max = 2√ 𝐻2 (𝐻 − 𝐻2 )
= 2√ 𝐻2 𝐻2 = 𝐻
⋅

𝑥max = 50 cm
75. A copper wire of cross-sectional area 0.01 cm2 is under a tension of 22 N. Find the percentage change in
the cross-sectional area (Young's modulus of copper = 1.1 × 1011 N m−2 and Poisson ratio = 0.32 )
A) 12.8 × 10−3 B) 8.6 × 10−3 C) 6.4 × 10−3 D) 2.8 × 10−3
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
Given,
The area of cross-section of copper wire is 𝐴 = 0.01 cm2
Tension in the wire is 𝑇 = 22 N
Young's modulus of copper wire is 𝑌 = 1.1 × 1011 N m−2
Poisson ratio is 𝜎 = 0.32
Using the formula of Young's modulus of wire,
𝑌 = 𝐹𝐴 × 𝑑𝑙𝑙
27
 The longitudinal strain is given by,
⇒ 𝑑𝑙𝑙 = 𝐴𝑌𝑇
⇒ 𝑑𝑙𝑙 = 10 6×1.1×10
22 11 = 20 × 10−5
−

The Poisson ratio of wire is given by,

𝑑𝑟
𝜎= 𝑟
𝑑𝑙
𝑙
The lateral strain in the wire is given by
⇒ 𝑑𝑟 = 𝜎 × 𝑑𝑙 = 0.32 × 20 × 10−5 = 6.4 × 10−5
𝑟 𝑙
The percentage change in area is given by
⇒ 𝑑𝐴 × 100 = 2𝑑𝑟 × 100 = 2 × 6.4 × 10−3
𝐴 𝑟
𝑑𝐴
⇒ 𝐴 × 100 = 12.8 × 10−3
76. A cylindrical vessel is filled with water upto the height 1 m from the base. A small orifice is opened at some
height in the cylinder and the water level is reduced to height of orifice in 20 s. If the base area of the
cylinder is 100 times the area of orifice, then the height of orifice from the base is (take, 𝑔 = 10 m/s2 )
A) 80 cm B) 60 cm C) 40 cm D) 20 cm
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
Height of water in vesse = 1 m
Let orifice is at a depth ℎ from above

28
 Time taken to reduce the water level up to orifice,

𝑡 = 𝐴𝐴0 √ 2𝑔𝑥

where, 𝐴0 = area of orifice and 𝐴 = base area.

𝐴 = 100, 𝑡 = 20 s ⇒ 20 = 100√ 2𝑥
Given, 𝐴0 10
𝑥 1 1
√ = ⇒ 𝑥 = = 0.2 m or 20 cm
5 5 5

Now, height of orifice from base,

ℎ = 100 − 20 = 80 cm
77. A tank of height 15 m and cross-section area 10 m2 is filled with water. There is a small hole of cross-
section area 𝑎 which is much smaller than the container, located at a height of 12 m from the base of the
container. How much force should be applied with a piston at the top level, so that the water coming out
of the hole hits the ground at a distance of 16 m ? (Take, density of water = 1000 kg m−3 )

A) 233kN B) 200kN C) 320kN D) 400kN

Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
29
 As, range of water jet = 16 m. If velocity of efflux is 𝑣, then
𝑣 × √ 2𝑔𝐻 = 16, where 𝐻 = 12 m
Also, 𝑣 = √2𝑔ℎ + 2(𝑝−𝑝𝑎) , 𝜌 = 1000 kg − m−3 and ℎ = 3 m
𝜌
So combining these, we get

(2𝑔ℎ + 2(𝑝 −
𝜌
𝑝𝑎) ) ( 2𝐻 ) = 256
𝑔
⇒
2Δ𝑝 = 2560 ⇒ Δ𝑝 = 233k N
2 × 10 × 3 + 1000 2 × 12 m2

So, force applied = Δ𝑝 × 𝐴 = 233kN

78. A large open tank has two holes in the wall. One is a square hole of side 𝐿 at a depth 𝑦 from the top and
the other is a circular hole of radius 𝑅 at a depth 4𝑦 from the top. When the tank is completely filled with
water, the quantities of water flowing out per second from the two holes are the same. Then value of 𝑅 is
A) √𝐿
2𝜋 B) 2𝜋𝐿 C) 𝐿√ 𝜋2 D) 2𝐿𝜋
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
By the principle of continuity
𝐴1 𝑣1 = 𝐴2 𝑣2
According to question, 𝐴1 = 𝐿2
𝑣1 = √2𝑔𝑦
and
𝐴2 = 𝜋𝑅2
𝑣2 = √2𝑔4𝑦
∴ 𝐿2 √2𝑔𝑦 = 𝜋𝑅2 √2𝑔4𝑦

or 𝐿2 = 2𝜋𝑅2
or 𝑅 = √𝐿2𝜋

79. Water from a tap emerges vertically downwards with initial velocity 4 ms−1 . The cross-sectional area of the
tap is 𝐴. The flow is steady and pressure is constant throughout the stream of water. The distance ℎ
vertically below the tap, where the cross-sectional area of the stream becomes ( 23 ) 𝐴, is (𝑔 = 10 m/s2 )
A) 0.5 m B) 1m C) 1.5 m D) 2.2 m
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
The equation of continuity
𝐴1 𝑣1 = 𝐴2 𝑣2
30
 𝐴 × 4 = 23 𝐴 × 𝑣2
𝑣2 = 6 ms−1
From Bernoulli's theorem
𝑝 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ1 + 12 𝜌𝑣21 = 𝑝 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ2 + 12 𝜌𝑣22
𝑔 (ℎ1 − ℎ2) = 12 (𝑣22 − 𝑣21)
𝑔 × ℎ = 12 [(6)2 − (4)2] [∵ ℎ1 − ℎ2 = ℎ]
10 × ℎ = 12 [36 − 16]
ℎ = 2020 = 1 m
80. There are two holes one each along the opposite sides of a wide rectangular tank. The cross-section of
each hole is 0.01 m2 and the vertical distance between the holes is one metre. The tank is filled with
water.The net force on the tank in newton when the water flows out of the holes is (Density of water
= 1000 kg/m3 )
A) 100 B) 200 C) 300 D) 400
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
The net force on the tank
where 𝐹 = 2𝐴𝜌𝑔ℎ
𝐴 = area of cross-section of the hole
𝜌 = density of water
ℎ = vertical distance between the holes
∴ 𝐹 = 2 × 0.01 × 1000 × 10 × 1 = 200 N

81. A large tank filled with water to a height ℎ is to be emptied through a small hole at the bottom. The ratio
of times taken for the level of water to fall from ℎ to ℎ/2 and ℎ/2 to zero is
√ √
A) 2 B) √12 C) 2 − 1 D) √21−1
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
Time taken, 𝑡 = √ 2𝑔ℎ
Time taken for the level of water to fall from ℎ to ℎ/2 to 0 ,
𝑡1 = √ 2𝑔 (√ℎ1 − √ℎ2)
√
= √ 2𝑔 ( ℎ − √ ℎ2 )
= √ 2𝑔ℎ (1 − √12 )
Similarly, time taken for the level of water to fall from ℎ/2 to 0 .
𝑡2 = √ 2𝑔 (√ ℎ2 − 0)
⇒ 𝑡2 = √ 2𝑔ℎ ⋅ √12
√ 2ℎ (1− √1 )
∴ 𝑡𝑡12 = 𝑔 2ℎ 1 2
√ 𝑔 √2
√
( √2−2 1 )
= 1/ 2√
√
= 2−1
82. A water barrel having water upto a depth 𝑑 is placed on a table of height ℎ. A small hole is made on the
wall of the barrel at its bottom. If the stream of water coming out of the hole falls on the ground at a
horizontal distance 𝑅 from the barrel, then the value of 𝑑 is
A) 𝑅4ℎ2 B) 4ℎ𝑅2 C) 𝑅4ℎ
2
D) 4𝑅ℎ 2
Solution : (Correct Answer: C ) √
Velocity of efflux of liquid 𝑣 = √2𝑔𝑑 Vertical height fall by the liquid = ℎ ∴ Time taken by the liquid 𝑡 = 𝑔2ℎ
∴ Horizontal range = velocity × time

31
 √
𝑅 = √2𝑔𝑑 × 𝑔2ℎ
𝑅2 = 2𝑔𝑑 × 2𝑔ℎ
𝑅2 = 4𝑑ℎ
𝑑 = 𝑅4ℎ
2
⇒

83. A tank with vertical walls is mounted so that its base is at a height 𝐻 above the horizontal ground. The
tank is filled with water to a depth ℎ. A hole is punched in the side wall of the tank at a depth 𝑥 below the
water surface. To have maximum range of the emerging stream, the value of 𝑥 is
A) 𝐻4+ℎ B) 𝐻2+ℎ C) 𝐻3+ℎ D) 3(𝐻4+ℎ)
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
Total height of water level from the ground = (ℎ + 𝐻 )
From Torrcelli's theorem we know that to have maximum range, the depth of hole. 𝑥 = (ℎ+2𝐻)

84. The change in surface energy when a big spherical drop fo radius 𝑅 is split into 𝑛 spherical droplets of
radius 𝑟 is (𝑇 = surface tension)
A) 4𝑅2 (𝑛2/3 − 1) 𝑇 B) 4𝑅2 𝜋 (𝑛1/3 − 1) 𝑇

C) 4𝜋𝑅2 (𝑛−1/3 − 1) 𝑇 D) 4𝜋𝑅2 (𝑛−2/3 − 1) 𝑇

Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
According to given situation, Volume of big drop = Volume of 𝑛 small drops
4 𝜋𝑅3 = 𝑛 × 4 𝜋𝑟3 ⇒ 𝑟3 = 𝑅3 or 𝑟 = 𝑅1/3
3 3 𝑛 𝑛
𝑛𝑟2 = 𝑛𝑅
𝑛
2
2/3 = 𝑛 1/3 𝑅2 …(𝑖)
Surface area of big drop, 𝐴 = 4𝜋𝑅2
Surface area of 𝑛 small drops, 𝐴′ = 𝑛 × 4𝜋𝑟2
Δ𝐴 = 𝐴′ − 𝐴 = 4𝜋𝑛𝑟2 − 4𝜋𝑅2 = 4𝜋 (𝑛𝑟2 − 𝑅2)
= 4𝜋 (𝑛1/3𝑅2 − 𝑅2) [from Eq. (i)]
= 4𝜋𝑅2 (𝑛1/3 − 1)
The work done for change in area,
𝑊 = 𝑇 × Δ𝐴 = 𝑇 × 4𝜋𝑅2 (𝑛1/3 − 1)
This work is store in the form of energy.

85. A meniscus drop of radius 1 cm is sprayed into 106 droplets of equal size. Calculate the energy expended if
surface tension of mercury is 435 × 10−3 N/m.
A) 54.1 × 10−3 J B) 64.1 × 10−3 J C) 74.1 × 10−3 J D) 84.1 × 10−3 J
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
Radius of meniscus, 𝑅 = 1 cm = 10−2 m
Number of smaller droplets, 𝑛 = 106
Surface tension, 𝑇 = 435 × 10−3 Nm−1
Work done in splitting a large drop of radius 𝑅 in 𝑛 smaller drops is
𝑊 = 𝑇 × Δ𝐴
where, Δ𝐴 = increase in area and 𝑇 = surface tension.
∴ 𝑊 = (4𝜋𝑅2 ) 𝑇 (𝑛1/3 − 1)
⋅

= 4 × 𝜋 × (1 × 10−2)2 × 435 × 10−3 × ((106)1/3 − 1)

= 54.1 × 10−3 J
86. Consider a water droplet of diameter 0.2 mm where the outside pressure is 1.5 N/cm2 at 25∘C. The
pressure inside the droplet, when the surface tension at 25∘ C is 0.08 N/m is
A) 0.32 N/cm2 B) 1.18 N/cm2 C) 1.82 N/cm2 D) 1.66 N/cm2
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
32
 Given, diameter of water droplet,
𝑑 = 0.2 mm
∴ radius, 𝑟 = 0.1 mm = 10−4 m
Pressure outside droplet,
𝑝0 = 1.5 N/cm2 = 1.5 × 104 N/m2
Surface tension,
𝑇 = 0.08 N/m
∴ Pressure inside droplet,
𝑝 = 2𝑟𝑇 + 𝑝0
Putting the given values, we get
= 2 × 0.08 + 1.5 × 104
10 −4

= 0.16 × 104 + 1.5 × 104

= 1.66 × 104 N/m2
= 1.66 N/cm2
87. A hydrophilic surface is characterised by the contact angle at the water solid interface. The value of
contact angle should be
A) > 90∘ B) < 90∘ C) = 90∘ D) = 180∘
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
For a hydrophilic surface, the contact angle at
the water solid interface is less than 90∘ i.e., < 90∘ . Since, adhesive force between liquid and hydrophilic
surface is very high. Hence, the value of contact angle should be less than 90∘ .

88. A cylindrical tank with a large diameter is filled with water. Water drains out through a hole at a bottom of
the tank. If the cross-sectional area of the hole is 6 cm2 then the drainage rate (m3 s−1 ) when the depth of
the water is 0.2 m, is
A) 1.0 × 10−3 B) 8.2 × 10−2 C) 2.2 × 10−3 D) 1.2 × 10−3
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
Applying the Bernoulli equation,
𝑝1 + 12 𝜌𝑣21 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ1 = 𝑝2 + 12 𝜌𝑣22 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ2
Here, the height of the water in the tank is ℎ1 ,
𝑝1 is the pressure of water in the tank, and
𝑣1 is the velocity of the water.
ℎ2 is the hole's height,
𝑝2 is the pressure at hole, and
𝑣2 is the water's pace at the hole and
𝜌 represents the water density.
There acts the same atmospheric pressure at the top of the tank and at the hole, thus 𝑝1 = 𝑝2 .
We will neglect the water velocity at the top since the tank is large as its velocity is much smaller than the
velocity at the hole.
Now, the Bernoulli equation becomes, 𝜌𝑔ℎ1 = 12 𝜌𝑣22 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ2
⇒ 𝑣2 = √2𝑔 (ℎ1 − ℎ2 )
⇒ 𝑣2 = √2 × 9.81 × (0.2) = 1.98 m s−1
The drainage rate is 𝐴2 𝑣2 = 6 × 10−4 × 1.98
⇒ 𝐴2 𝑣2 = 1.18 × 10−3 = 1.2 × 10−3 m3 s−1
33
89. Consider an air bubble of radius 2 mm in a liquid at a depth of 5 cm below the free surface. The density of
the liquid is 1000lg/m3 and the surface tension is 0.1 N/m. Then, find the pressure inside the air bubble is
greater than the pressure at the free surface of the liquid. (Talse, 𝑔 = 10 m/s2 )
A) 500 Pa B) 600 Pa C) 700 Pa D) 800 Pa
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
Gauge pressure due to liquid at a depth of 5 cm

𝑝 = 𝜌𝑔ℎ

Density, 𝜌 = 1000 kg/m3 , ℎ = 5 cm = 0.05 m,

𝑔 = 10 m/s2
𝑝 = 1000 × 10 × 0.05
𝑝 = 500 Pa

⇒ Excess pressure inside the air bubble w.r.t. outside due to surface tension is 𝑝′ = 2𝑅𝑆
Surface tension, 𝑆 = 0lN/m
Radius, 𝑅 = 2 mm = 0.002 m

𝑝 = 20.002
′ × 01 = 100 Pa

Now, total excess pressure inside the bubble w.r.t surface of liquid, i.e.
⇒ 𝑝total = 𝑝 + 𝑝 ′

= 500 + 100 = 600 Pa

90. A soap bubble of radius 1.0 cm is formed inside another soap bubble of radius 2.0 cm. The radius of an
another soap bubble which has the same pressure difference as that between the inside of the smaller
and outside of large soap bubble, in metres is
A) 6.67 × 103 B) 3.34 × 103 C) 2.23 × 103 D) 4.5 × 103
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
Given, radius of first soap bubble (𝑅1 ) = 2.0 cm
Radius of second soap bubble (𝑅2 ) = 1.0 cm
We know that,
Radius of another bubble having same pressure difference,
or,

𝑅 = 𝑅𝑅1 1+𝑅𝑅2 2

𝑅 = (2.0+1.0)×10
2.0×1.0×10 42
−
−

or,

𝑅 = 23 ×× 10
−4

10−2

or,
𝑅 = 6.67 × 10−3 m
91. 1000 spherical drops of water each 10−8 m in diameter coalesce to form one large spherical drop. The
amount of energy liberated in this process (in joule) is (surface tension of water is 0.075 N/m ).

34
 A) 10.75𝜋 × 10−15 B) 6.75𝜋 × 10−15 C) 8.65𝜋 × 10−15 D) 3.88𝜋 × 10−15
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
Volume of small spherical drops = 43 𝜋𝑟3
Volume of larger spherical drops = 43 𝜋𝑅3
𝑛 small spherical drops combine to form large drops.
∴ 𝑛 ( 43 𝜋𝑟3) = 43 𝜋𝑅3
⇒ 𝑅 = 𝑛1/3𝑟

Here, 𝑛 = 1000, 𝑟 = 12 × 10−8 m

Amount of energy liberated

= Change in area × surface tension
= 4𝜋𝑅2 (𝑛1/3 − 1) × 0.075
= 6.75𝜋 × 10−15 J
92. When a big drop of water is formed from 𝑛 small drops of water, the energy loss is 3𝐸, where, 𝐸 is the
energy of the bigger drop. If 𝑅 is the radius of the bigger drop and 𝑟 is the radius of the smaller drop, then
number of smaller drops (𝑛) is
A) 4𝑅2 B) 4𝑅 C) 2𝑅 D) 4𝑅2
2 2
𝑟 𝑟 𝑟 𝑟
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
The energy of 𝑛 small drop - the energy of the bigger drop = Energy loss by bigger drop
𝑛 × 4𝜋𝑟2 × 𝑇 − 4𝜋𝑟2 × 𝑇 = 3 × 4𝜋𝑅2 × 𝑇
𝑛 × 4𝜋𝑟2 × 𝑇 = 12𝜋𝑅2 × 𝑇 + 4𝜋𝑅2 × 𝑇
𝑛 = 164𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑅2 ××𝑇𝑇
2

𝑛 = 4 𝑅𝑟2
2

93. A capillary tube of radius ' 𝑟 ' is immersed in water and water rises to a height of ' ℎ '. Mass of water in the
capillary
√ tube is 5 × 10−3 kg. The same capillary tube is now immersed in a liquid whose surface tension is
2 times the surface tension of water. The angle of contact between the capillary tube and this liquid is
45∘. The mass of liquid which rises into the capillary tube now is, (in kg )
√
A) 5 × 10−3 B) 2.5 × 10−3 C) 5 2 × 10−3 D) 3.5 × 10−3
Solution : (Correct Answer: A )
We knows height of water rise in a capillary tube

ℎ=
2𝑇 cos 𝜃
𝑟𝑑𝑔
2𝑇 cos 𝜃1 ,
ℎ1 = 1 ℎ2 =
2𝑇2 cos 𝜃2
𝑟𝑑𝑔 𝑟𝑑𝑔

Given, ℎ1 = ℎ, 𝑇1 = 𝑇 , 𝜃1 = 0

∴ ℎ=
2𝑇
𝑟𝑑𝑔
35
 √
Given, 𝑇2 = 2𝑇 , 𝜃 = 45∘,cos45∘ = √12
√
2 2𝑇 × √12
∴ ℎ2 =
𝑟𝑑𝑔

From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we observe

ℎ2 = ℎ.

Hence, same mass of liquid rises into the capillary as before 5 × 10−3 kg.
94. Drops of liquid of density 𝑑 are floating half immersed in a liquid of density 𝜌. If the surface tension of the
liquid is 𝑇 , then the radius of the drop is
A) √ 𝑔(33𝑑𝑇−𝜌) B) √ 𝑔(26𝑑𝑇−𝜌) C) √ 𝑔(23𝑑𝑇−𝑝) D) 𝑇
√ 𝑔(4𝑑3− 3𝑝)
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
According to the question,
4 𝜋𝑟3 𝑑𝑔 = 2 𝜋𝑟3 𝜌𝑔 + 𝑇 × 2𝜋𝑟
3 3
or
𝑟 = √ 𝑔(23𝑑𝑇−𝜌)
95. If two soap bubbles of different radii are connected by a tube, then
A) air flows from bigger bubble to the smaller bubble till sizes become equal
B) air flows from bigger bubble to the smaller bubble till sizes are interchanged
C) air flows from smaller bubble to bigger
D) there is no flow of air
Solution : (Correct Answer: C )
Air flows from smaller bubble to bigger as the pressure in smaller bubble is higher.

96. The excess pressure inside a spherical soap bubble of radius 1 cm is balanced by a column of oil (Specific
gravity = 0.8 ), 2 mm high , the surface tension of the bubble is
A) 3.92 N/m B) 0.0392 N/m C) 0.392 N/m D) 0.00392 N/m
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
The excess pressure of soap bubble
𝑝 = 4𝑅𝑇
ℎ𝜌𝑔 = 4𝑇 𝑅
∴ 𝑇 = 𝑅ℎ4𝜌𝑔
= 1×10−2×2×10−43×0.8×103×9.8
= 3.92 × 10−2 N/m
= 0.0392 N/m
97. A soap bubble of radius 𝑟 is blown up to form a bubble of radius 2𝑟 under isothermal conditions. If 𝑇 is the
surface tension of soap solution, the energy spent in the blowing
A) 3𝜋𝑇𝑟2 B) 6𝜋𝑇𝑟2 C) 12𝜋𝑇𝑟2 D) 24𝜋𝑇𝑟2
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
Initially area of soap bubble
𝐴1 = 4𝜋𝑟2
Under isothermal condition radius becomes 2𝑟,
Then, area 𝐴2 = 4𝜋(2𝑟)2
36
 = 4𝜋 4𝑟2
⋅

= 16𝜋𝑟2
Increase in surface area
Δ𝐴 = 2(𝐴2 − 𝐴1)
= 2 (16𝜋𝑟2 − 4𝜋𝑟2) = 24𝜋𝑟2
Energy spent
𝑊 = 𝑇 × Δ𝐴
= 𝑇 24𝜋𝑟2
⋅

𝑜𝑟 𝑊 = 24𝜋 Tr2 J
98. The surface tension of soap solution is 0.03 N/m. The work done in blowing to form a soap bubble of
surface area 40 cm2 , (in J), is
A) 1.2 × 10−4 B) 2.4 × 10−4 C) 12 × 10−4 D) 24 × 10−4
Solution : (Correct Answer: B )
In case of soap bubble
𝑊 = 𝑇 × 2 × Δ𝐴
= 0.03 × 2 × 40 × 10−4
= 2.4 × 10−4 J
99. A liquid does not wet the solid surface if the angle of contact is
A) zero B) equal to 45∘
C) equal to 90∘ D) greater than 90∘
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
A liquid does not wet the solid surface if the angle of contact is obtuse ie, greater than 90∘ . In this case
cohesive forces will be greater than adhesive forces and so, the liquid does not wet the surface of solid.

100. Two soap bubbles combine to form a single bubble. In this process, the change in volume and surface
area are respectively 𝑉 and 𝐴. If 𝑃 is the atmospheric pressure, and 𝑇 is the surface tension of the soap
solution, the following relation is true :
A) 4𝑃𝑉 + 3𝑇𝐴 = 0 B) 3𝑃𝑉 − 4𝑇𝐴 = 0 C) 4𝑃𝑉 − 3𝑇𝐴 = 0 D) 3𝑃𝑉 + 4𝑇𝐴 = 0
Solution : (Correct Answer: D )
Let radii of two soap bubbles are 𝑎 and 𝑏 respectively and radius of single larger bubble is 𝑐.
As excess pressure for a soap bubble is 4𝑟𝑇 and external pressure 𝑃 .
𝑃𝑖 = 𝑃 + 4𝑟𝑇
So, 𝑃𝑎 = 𝑃 + 4𝑎𝑇 , 𝑃𝑏 = 𝑃 + 4𝑏𝑇
and 𝑃𝑐 = 𝑃 + 4𝑐𝑇 ...(i)
and 𝑉𝑎 = 43 𝜋𝑎3 , 𝑉𝑏 = 43 𝜋𝑏3
and 𝑉𝑐 = 43 𝜋𝑐3 ...(ii)
Now as mass is conserved.
𝜇𝑎 + 𝜇𝑏 = 𝜇𝑐
= 𝑃𝑅𝑇𝑐𝑉𝑐𝑐 ( as 𝑃𝑉 = 𝜇𝑅𝑇 )
i.e., 𝑃𝑅𝑇𝑎𝑉𝑎𝑎 + 𝑃𝑅𝑇𝑏𝑉𝑏𝑏
As temperature is constant, i.e., 𝑇𝑎 = 𝑇𝑏 = 𝑇𝑐
So, 𝑃𝑎 𝑉𝑎 + 𝑃𝑏 𝑉𝑏 = 𝑃𝑐 𝑉𝑐
which in the light of Eqs. (i) and (ii) becomes,
(𝑃 + 4𝑎𝑇 ) ( 43 𝜋𝑎 3 ) + (𝑃 + 4𝑏𝑇 ) ( 43 𝜋𝑏 3 ) = (𝑃 + 4𝑐𝑇 ) ( 43 𝜋𝑐 3 )
i.e., 4𝑇 (𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 𝑐2 ) = 𝑃 (𝑐3 − 𝑎3 − 𝑏3 ) ...(iii)
Now, 𝑉 = 43 𝜋 (𝑎3 + 𝑏3 − 𝑐3 )
and 𝐴 = 4𝜋 (𝑎2 + 𝑏2 − 𝑐2 )
∴ 𝑇𝐴 𝜋 = − 4𝜋 𝑉 𝑃
3
or 4𝑇𝐴 + 3𝑃𝑉 = 0

37