elow is a complete, exam-oriented answer on Split Type Room Air Conditioner, written in clear headings and
B
points, suitable for 8 / 16 marks (Mechanical / RAC subjects).
Split Type Room Air Conditioner
Definition
A split type room air conditioner consists of two separate units:
Indoor unit (installed inside the room)
Outdoor unit (installed outside the room)
These two units are connected by refrigerant pipes and electrical cables.
Main Parts of Split Air Conditioner
1. Indoor Unit
The indoor unit is responsible for cooling the room air.
Components of Indoor Unit:
Evaporator coil
Air filter
Blower / fan
Expansion device (capillary / electronic valve)
Cooling coil housing
Functions:
Absorbs heat from room air
Supplies cool air into the room
Filters dust and impurities
2. Outdoor Unit
The outdoor unit releases heat to the atmosphere.
Components of Outdoor Unit:
Compressor
Condenser coil
Condenser fan
Receiver / filter dryer
Functions:
Compresses refrigerant
Rejects heat to outside air
Maintains refrigerant circulation
Working Principle of Split Air Conditioner
A split air conditioner works on the vapour compression refrigeration cycle.
Step-by-Step Working:
Compression
Low-pressure refrigerant vapour enters the compressor.
It is compressed to high pressure and high temperature.
Condensation
Hot refrigerant flows to the condenser (outdoor unit).
Heat is rejected to atmosphere.
Refrigerant becomes high-pressure liquid.
Expansion
Liquid refrigerant passes through expansion valve.
Pressure and temperature drop suddenly.
Evaporation
Low-pressure refrigerant enters evaporator (indoor unit).
It absorbs heat from room air.
Cool air is blown into the room.
Cycle Repeats
Refrigerant returns to compressor and the cycle continues.
Types of Split Air Conditioning Units
1. Direct Room Mounted Split Unit
Definition:
Indoor unit is mounted directly in the room (wall or ceiling), cooling the same space.
Features:
No duct system
Air supplied directly into the room
Applications:
Homes
Offices
Bedrooms
2. Ductable Split Unit
Definition:
A split AC where cooled air is distributed through ducts to multiple rooms.
Features:
Indoor unit connected to ducts
Can cool large areas
Applications:
Malls
Hotels
Conference halls
3. Multi-Split Unit
Definition:
One outdoor unit connected to multiple indoor units.
Features:
Space saving
Independent temperature control for rooms
Applications:
Apartments
Commercial buildings
Advantages of Split Air Conditioner
Quiet operation
Better cooling efficiency
No window modification required
Aesthetic appearance
Flexible installation
Energy efficient (inverter models)
Disadvantages of Air Conditioner
High initial cost
Requires regular maintenance
Increases electricity consumption
Installation is complex
Not portable
Refrigerant leakage affects environment
Conclusion
A split type air conditioner provides efficient and silent cooling by separating the noisy compressor from the
indoor space. Based on application, it is available as direct room mounted, ductable, and multi-split units,
making it suitable for both residential and commercial use.
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