Java Programming
[Link]
Data Types in Java
As the name suggests, data types specify the type of data that can be stored
inside variables in Java.
Java is a statically-typed language. This means that all variables must be
declared before they can be used.
int topperworld;
Here, topperworld is a variable, and the data type of the variable is int.
The int data type determines that the topperworld variable can only contain
integers.
Java has two categories in which data types are segregated:
Primitive Data Type: such as boolean, char, int, short, byte, long,
float, and double
Non-Primitive Data Type or Object Data type: such as String,
Array, etc.
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-> Primitive Data Types
1. boolean type
The boolean data type has two possible values, either true or false.
Default value: false.
They are usually used for true/false conditions.
Example : Java boolean data type
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean flag = true;
[Link](flag); // prints true
}
}
2. byte type
The byte data type can have values from -128 to 127 (8-bit signed
two's complement integer).
If it's certain that the value of a variable will be within -128 to 127,
then it is used instead of int to save memory.
Default value: 0
Example : Java byte data type
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
byte range;
Java Programming
range = 124;
[Link](range); // prints 124
}
}
3. short type
The short data type in Java can have values from -
32768 to 32767 (16-bit signed two's complement integer).
If it's certain that the value of a variable will be within -32768 and
32767, then it is used instead of other integer data types (int, long).
Default value: 0
Example : Java short data type
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
short temperature;
temperature = -200;
[Link](temperature); // prints -200
}
}
Java Programming
4. int type
The int data type can have values from -231 to 231-1 (32-bit signed
two's complement integer).
If you are using Java 8 or later, you can use an unsigned 32-bit
integer. This will have a minimum value of 0 and a maximum value of
232-1.
Default value: 0
Example : Java int data type
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int range = -4250000;
[Link](range); // print -4250000
}
}
5. long type
The long data type can have values from -263 to 263-1 (64-bit signed
two's complement integer).
If you are using Java 8 or later, you can use an unsigned 64-bit integer
with a minimum value of 0 and a maximum value of 264-1.
Default value: 0
Example : Java long data type
class LongExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
long range = -42332200000L;
[Link](range); // prints -42332200000
Java Programming
}
}
Notice, the use of L at the end of -42332200000. This represents that it's an
integer of the long type.
6. double type
The double data type is a double-precision 64-bit floating-point.
It should never be used for precise values such as currency.
Default value: 0.0 (0.0d)
Example: Java double data type
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
double number = -42.3;
[Link](number); // prints -42.3
}
}
7. float type
The float data type is a single-precision 32-bit floating-point.
It should never be used for precise values such as currency.
Default value: 0.0 (0.0f)
Java Programming
Example : Java float data type
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
float number = -42.3f;
[Link](number); // prints -42.3
}
}
Notice that we have used -42.3f instead of -42.3in the above program. It's
because -42.3 is a double literal.
To tell the compiler to treat -42.3 as float rather than double, you need to
use f or F.
8. char type
It's a 16-bit Unicode character.
The minimum value of the char data type is '\u0000' (0) and the
maximum value of the is '\uffff'.
Default value: '\u0000'
Example: Java char data type
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
char letter = '\u0051';
[Link](letter); // prints Q
}
}
Here, the Unicode value of Q is \u0051. Hence, we get Q as the output.
Java Programming
Here is another example:
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
char letter1 = '9';
[Link](letter1); // prints 9
char letter2 = 65;
[Link](letter2); // prints A
}
}
Here, we have assigned 9 as a character (specified by single quotes) to
the letter1 variable. However, the letter2 variable is assigned 65 as an
integer number (no single quotes).
Hence, A is printed to the output. It is because Java treats characters as an
integer and the ASCII value of A is 65.
Java Programming
Non-Primitive Data Types
String type
Java also provides support for character strings via [Link] class.
Strings in Java are not primitive types. Instead, they are objects. For
example,
String myString = "Java Programming";
Here, myString is an object of the String class.
Example: Create a String in Java
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// create strings
String first = "Java";
String second = "Python";
String third = "JavaScript";
// print strings
[Link](first); // print Java
[Link](second); // print Python
[Link](third); // print JavaScript
}
}
In the above example, we have created three strings named first, second,
and third.
