Introduction to Embedded Software Development
1. Embedded System
School of software Engineering
2005
Agenda
What is an embedded system? Embedded system features Embedded system Configuration
Embedded Hardware Embedded Software
Agenda
What is an embedded system? Embedded system features Embedded system Configuration
Embedded Hardware Embedded Software
What is an Embedded system?
An embedded system is a large or small computer system that is built into a product, a piece of equipment or another computer system, and that performs some task useful to the product, equipment or system. It is a computer system that is progr -ammed to perform a particular task.
What is an Embedded system?
Maybe you will say, " But all computers are programmed to perform tasks!" You are right, however an embedded system is programmed to perform its task from the time it is powered up until it is shut down. Its programming cannot be changed except in ways that its original programmer intended.
What is an Embedded system?
An embedded system is a component of a larger system of some sort. Indeed, embedded systems may be nested within other embedded systems to arbitrary depth. Generally, the "higher level" embedded system is the more complex one, but this is not necessarily the case.
Examples of embedded systems
PDA Microwave Programmable washing Machine Digital answering machine GPS Intelligent credit card Cruise control Car engine timing
Examples of embedded systems
Industrial controller Guided missiles Digital TV Flight controller Measuring instruments Medical instruments Gaming devices and on and on
Mars, December 3, 1999 Crashed due to uninitialized variable
Agenda
What is an embedded system? Embedded system features Embedded system Configuration
Embedded Hardware Embedded Software
Embedded system features
Real time Small sized Low power Cost effective
What is Real Time?
A real time system is one in which the correctness of the computations not only depends upon the logical correctness of the computation but also upon the time at which the result is produced. If the timing constraints of the system are not met, system failure is said to have occurred. Donald Gillies
What is Real Time?
Real time in operating systems: The ability of the operating system to provide a required level of service in a bounded response time. POSIX Standard 1003.1
Real-Time System
Correct function at correct time Usually embedded Often distributed Deadlines Hard real-time systems Soft real-time systems
Hard vs. Soft Real Time Hard real-time
Systems where it is absolutely imperative that responses occur within the required deadline. E.g. Flight control systems.
Soft real-time
Systems where deadlines are important but which will still function correctly if deadlines are occasionally missed. E.g. Data acquisition system.
Real-Time System
Applications (Hard)
Cars (Volvo S80 has 19 computers) Aeroplanes (JAS) Medical equipment Space vehicles (Mars lander) Military systems Industrial automation
Real-Time System
Applications (Soft)
Games DVD (Mpeg encoding) Internet video and broadcasting Telecom
Agenda
What is an embedded system? Embedded system features Embedded system Configuration
Embedded Hardware Embedded Software
Embedded system Configuration
Programs Operating
User Program Including Operating
Hardware
Hardware
System
System Components
Typical Computer system Configuration
Typical Embedded system Configuration
A Typical Embedded System
Real-Time Clock Algorithms for Digital Control Interface Engineering System
Data Logging
Remote Monitoring System
Database
Data Retrieval and Display
Display Devices
Operators Console
Operator Interface
Real-Time Computer
Agenda
What is an embedded system? Embedded system features Embedded system Configuration
Embedded Hardware Embedded Software
Embedded Hardware
CPU
Intel x86 PowerPC(Mac) G3,G4,G5 SPARC, Alpha ARM MIPS
DATA Wide
8 Bit controllers(still!) 16 Bit controllers(mainly) 32 Bit controllers(start popular) 64 Bit controllers(high performance)
Embedded Hardware
CPU Market
Embedded Hardware Example
Worry about
power + energy
Why worry about energy and power?
Power is considered as the most important constraint in embedded systems
[in: L. Eggermont (ed): Embedded Systems Roadmap 2002, STW]
Current UMTS phones can hardly be operated for more than an hour, if data is being transmitted.
[from a report of the Financial Times, Germany, on an analysis by Credit Suisse First Boston; http://www.ftd.de/tm/tk/9580232.html?nv=se]
Agenda
What is an embedded system? Embedded system features Embedded system Configuration
Embedded Hardware Embedded Software
Embedded Software The Goal
To create a modern computational systems science and systems design practice with
Concurrency Composability Time Hierarchy
Heterogeneity Resource constraints Verifiability Understandability
Embedded Software features
Limited Resource
Real time
No clear borderline between user program and OS Develop method
Enet Serial
User Program Including Operating
Hardware
System Components
host
target
Typical Embedded system Configuration
Embedded Software Architecture Today
Embedded Software Architecture Tomorrow
Homework
How to comprehend embedded system? Which of the products you use are embedd -ed system? Please give out their functions.
What is embedded software features? What is the difference between a typic computer system and embedded system?
