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Compressor Lec

This document is the course outline for a fluid dynamics class taught by Engr. AN Tabish. It discusses topics that will be covered over the semester including fluid transportation, storage tanks and pipes, pumps and compressors, fluid metering, mixing and flow, and chemical engineering computational fluid dynamics. It also provides several pages of details on compressors, including the different modes of compression, compressor cooling systems, surge control to prevent damage, and methods for controlling surge including varying the discharge flow and drive speed.

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145 views15 pages

Compressor Lec

This document is the course outline for a fluid dynamics class taught by Engr. AN Tabish. It discusses topics that will be covered over the semester including fluid transportation, storage tanks and pipes, pumps and compressors, fluid metering, mixing and flow, and chemical engineering computational fluid dynamics. It also provides several pages of details on compressors, including the different modes of compression, compressor cooling systems, surge control to prevent damage, and methods for controlling surge including varying the discharge flow and drive speed.

Uploaded by

Anonymous b9fcR5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

September 21, 2014 1

Prepared by:
Engr. AN Tabish
Lecturer
Department of
Chemical Engineering
University of Engineering
& Technology, Lahore -Pakistan
Fluid Dynamics
Fluid Dynamics
September 21, 2014 2
Course Outline:
Fluid Dynamics
1. Introduction to fluid dynamics; Transportation of fluids;

2. Storage tanks, pipes, fittings and valves;
- Selection, design, procedures and cost

3. Pumps, compressors, blowers, fans, turbines and expanders;
- Selection, cavitation, chocking, surging, corrosion
prevention

4. Metering of fluids;

5. Agitation and mixing of fluids; static fluid phenomenon in
static mixers; dynamic mixers;

6. Flow passed immersed bodies; fluidization;

7. Chemical engineering CFD;
September 21, 2014 3
Compressor
Fluid Dynamics
Compressor is a device used to increase the pressure of
compressible fluid.
Modes of Compression:
1. Intermittent (+ve displacement)
2. Continuous (Dynamic)
September 21, 2014 4
Compressor
Fluid Dynamics
September 21, 2014 5
Compressor
Fluid Dynamics
September 21, 2014 6
Compressible flow:
Fluid Dynamics
Compressor Cooling System:
Inter-stage coolers

Mack Number:
As gas moves in the constant diameter suction line of
compressor: It experiences

Pressure drops
Gas volume increases as mass flow rate remains constant
Velocity increase => in sever cases it approaches sonic
velocity

) (C Velocity Acoustic
) (V Velocity Gas
Number Mack
s
g

September 21, 2014 7


Compressible flow:
Fluid Dynamics
) (C Velocity Acoustic
) (V Velocity Gas
Number Mack
s
g

Keep Mack Number as low as practical


Temperature at compressor
suction must be considered.
September 21, 2014 8
Compressible flow:
Fluid Dynamics
Surging and Surge Control:
Compressor surges when the differential pressure-imposed by
process-exceeds the differential pressure which it can develop.
The surging occurs when the compressor back pressure is
high and the compressor can not pump against this high head,
causing the flow to separate and reverse its direction.
Surging results in changes in direction of the thrust forces on the
rotor, creating damage to the blades and the thrust bearings.
lower limit of stable operation in a compressor
September 21, 2014 9
Compressible flow:
Fluid Dynamics
Surging and Surge Control:
September 21, 2014 10
Compressible flow:
Fluid Dynamics
Surging and Surge Control:
If Pd<Pv, reverse flow
occurs, creating pump
surging.
September 21, 2014 11
Compressible flow:
Fluid Dynamics
Surging and Surge Control:
Consequences of Surging

Consequences of surging can include:

1. Rapid flow and pressure oscillations cause process instabilities
2. Rising temperatures inside the compressor
3. Tripping of the compressor
4. Mechanical damage
September 21, 2014 12
Compressible flow:
Fluid Dynamics
Surging and Surge Control:
Mechanical damage can include:

1. Radial bearing load during the initial phase of
surging. A side load is placed on the rotor which acts
perpendicular to the axis.
2. Thrust bearing load due to loading and unloading.
3. Seal rubbing
4. Stationary and rotating part contact if thrust bearing is
overloaded.
September 21, 2014 13
Compressible flow:
Fluid Dynamics
Surging and Surge Control:
September 21, 2014 14
Compressible flow:
Fluid Dynamics
Surge Control:
The surge of centrifugal compressor is controlled by two methods:

1. Discharge flow.
2. Varying the drive speed.
Thank You
[email protected]

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