Introduction to
TCP/IP
[Link]
1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Agenda
What Is TCP/IP?
IP Addressing
CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP
[Link]
1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
3-2
What Is TCP/IP?
A suite of protocols
Rules that dictate how packets
of information are sent across
multiple networks
Addressing
Error checking
CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP
[Link]
1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
3-3
IP
Internet Protocol (IP)
Determines where packets are routed
based on their destination addresses
Breaks packets into smaller packets
and reassembles them
CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP
[Link]
1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
3-4
TCP/IP Transport Layer
CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP
21 FTPFile Transfer Protocol
23 Telnet
25 SMTPSimple Mail Transfer Protocol
37 Time
69 TFTPTrivial File Transfer Protocol
79 Finger
103 X400
161 SNMPSimple Network Management Protocol
162 SNMPTRAP
[Link]
1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
3-5
TCP/IP Applications
Application layer
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Remote Login (Telnet)
E-mail (SMTP)
Transport layer
Transport Control Protocol (TCP)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Network layer
Internet Protocol (IP)
Data link & physical layer
LAN Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, etc.
WAN Serial lines, Frame Relay, X.25, etc.
CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP
[Link]
1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
3-6
TCP Transmission Control
Protocol
CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP
[Link]
1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
3-7
UDP User Datagram Protocol
Unreliable
Fast
Assumes application will retransmit on error
Often used in diskless workstations
CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP
[Link]
1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
3-8
ICMP Ping
CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP
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1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
3-9
IPv4 Addressing
32-bit addresses
Commonly expressed in dotted
decimal format (e.g., [Link])
Each dotted decimal is commonly
called an octet (8 bits)
CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP
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1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
3-10
IP AddressingThree Classes
Class A: [Link]
Class B: [Link]
Class C: [Link]
CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP
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1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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IP AddressingClass A
[Link]
Network # 10
Host # 222.135.17
Range of class A network IDs: 1126
Number of available hosts: 16,777,214
CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP
[Link]
1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
3-12
IP AddressingClass B
[Link]
Network # 128.128
Host # 141.245
Range of class B network IDs:
128.1191.254
Number of available hosts: 65,534
CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP
[Link]
1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
3-13
IP AddressingClass C
[Link]
Network # 192.150.12
Host # 1
Range of class C network IDs:
192.0.1223.255.254
Number of available hosts: 254
CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP
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1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
3-14
IP Network Address Classes
Class
# Networks
# Hosts
Example
126
16,777,214
01111111
00000000 00000000 00000000
16,384
65,534
10111111
11111111
00000000 00000000
2,097,152
254
11011111
11111111
11111111
Class A
[Link]
Class B
[Link]
Class C
[Link]
CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP
00000000
Host Address Space
Network Address Space
[Link]
1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
3-15
IP Subnetting
Subnets allow routing
by ranges
CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP
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1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
3-16
IP Subnet Mask
Given:
Address = [Link]
Subnet Mask = [Link]
Subnet = [Link]
CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP
[Link]
1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
3-17
IP Address Assignment
ISPs assign addresses to customers
IANA assigns addresses to ISPs
CIDR block: bundle of addresses
CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP
[Link]
1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
3-18
IPv6 Addressing
128-bit addresses
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 addresses
Example: [Link]
Example: [Link][Link]
CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP
[Link]
1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
3-19
Summary
TCP/IP is a suite of protocols
TCP/IP defines communications between
computers on the Internet
IP determines where packets are routed
based on their destination address
TCP ensures packets arrive correctly
at their destination address
CSE: Networking FundamentalsTCP/IP
[Link]
1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
3-20
Presentation_ID
1999, Cisco Systems, Inc.
[Link]
21
