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Computer Networks 2 Notes

The document discusses network layer protocols and services. It describes the network layer's responsibilities, including source-to-destination delivery of packets across multiple networks, logical addressing, and routing. It also discusses connectionless and connection-oriented services, with connectionless providing best-effort delivery and connection-oriented involving connection setup and resource allocation. Finally, it notes that network layer entities work together to provide services to higher layers.

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Apurv Singh
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271 views11 pages

Computer Networks 2 Notes

The document discusses network layer protocols and services. It describes the network layer's responsibilities, including source-to-destination delivery of packets across multiple networks, logical addressing, and routing. It also discusses connectionless and connection-oriented services, with connectionless providing best-effort delivery and connection-oriented involving connection setup and resource allocation. Finally, it notes that network layer entities work together to provide services to higher layers.

Uploaded by

Apurv Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Network services and internal network

operations
Packet network topology
Datagrams and virtual circuits
Routing in packet networks
Shortest-path routing
ATM networks

Network models
OSI model
TCP/IP model

Network Layer

Provides services to the transport & datalink layers


Supported protocols include IP, ARP, RARP, ICMP
and IGMP
Responsible for source-to-destination delivery of
packets across multiple networks
Provide internetworking
Logical addressing
Routing

Peer-to-peer protocols operates end to end


across the network

Connectionless service

Best-effort service
Caters to a user service request from the transport
layer without any prior intimation from the user
Puts error & flow control and sequencing
responsibilities on the end-system transport layer

Connection-oriented service

Guaranteed delivery of messages


Involves connection set up and connection release
procedures apart from the message transfer
Need to allocate dedicated network resources for
the connection duration
Can provide bandwidth, delay and loss guarantees

The network services could include

A best-effort connectionless service


Low-delay connectionless service
Connection oriented reliable stream service
Connection oriented transfer of packets with delay
and bandwidth guarantees

Availability of above services is limited by


End-to-end argument that suggests the
functionality to be closer to the applications than in
network layer
Network scalability issues

Layer 3 entities work together to provide network service to Layer


4 entities

When the internal operation of a network is


connectionless,
The packets are transferred as datagrams within the
network
Each packet will be routed independently and
dynamically packets may arrive at the destination out
of order. Hence need resequencing at the destination.

When the internal operation of a network is


connection-oriented,
Need to establish a virtual circuit prior to data transfer
Packets flow through the virtual circuit along a forward
path from source to destination

Functions that route and forward packets


Priority & scheduling functions to ensure QoS
Certain traffic control functions that support
congestion control
Functions that make the network service
independent of the underlying transmission
mechanisms such as Ethernet, wireless etc.
Functions that support internetworking

What is a Packet (switched) Network?


Transmission of data from a source to a destination
beyond a local area is achieved through a network of
interconnecting switching nodes
Message Packets or datagrams(data + control info)
Frames
Most common packet switching technology TCP/IP
Largest packet switched network Internet
Packet switched network is theoretically capable of
providing any-to-any service among the connected
nodes
Switches and Routers form an integral part of this
network
Switching routers provide both switching and routing
capability

Intradomain &
interdomain levels

Internet Service
Provider Hierarchy

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