WiMAX:
IEEE 802.16 - Wireless MANs
Sridhar Iyer
K R School of Information Technology
IIT Bombay
[email protected]http://www.it.iitb.ac.in/~sri
Wireless networks
Wireless PANs (Bluetooth IEEE
802.15)
very low range
wireless connection to printers etc
Wireless LANs (WiFi IEEE
802.11)
infrastructure as well as ad-hoc
networks possible
home/office networking
Wireless MANs (WiMAX-802.16)
Multihop Ad hoc Networks
useful when infrastructure not
available, impractical, or expensive
military applications, emergencies
Sridhar Iyer
Similar to cellular networks
traditional base station
infrastructure systems
IIT Bombay
Sridhar Iyer
IIT Bombay
WiMAX
Goal: Provide high-speed Internet access to home and
business subscribers, without wires.
Base stations (BS) and subscriber stations (SS)
Centralized access control to prevents collisions
Supports applications with different QoS requirements
WiMAX is a subset of IEEE 802.16 standard
Sridhar Iyer
IIT Bombay
IEEE 802.16 standards
802.16.1 (10-66 GHz, line-of-sight, up to 134Mbit/s)
802.16.2 (minimizing interference between coexisting
WMANs)
802.16a (2-11 Ghz, Mesh, non-line-of-sight)
802.16b (5-6 Ghz)
802.16c (detailed system profiles)
P802.16e (Mobile Wireless MAN)
Sridhar Iyer
IIT Bombay
Sridhar Iyer
IIT Bombay
Physical layer
Allows use of directional antennas
Allows use of two different duplexing schemes:
Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD)
Time Division Duplexing (TDD)
Support for both full and half duplex stations
Adaptive Data Burst profiles
Transmission parameters (e.g. Modulation, FEC) can
be modified on a frame-by-frame basis for each SS
Profiles are identified by Interval Usage Code
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IIT Bombay
Time Division Duplexing (TDD)
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IIT Bombay
Media Acces Control (MAC)
Connection oriented
Connection ID (CID), Service Flows
Channel access: decided by BS
UL-MAP
Defines uplink channel access
Defines uplink data burst profiles
DL-MAP
Defines downlink data burst profiles
UL-MAP and DL-MAP are both transmitted in the
beginning of each downlink subframe
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IIT Bombay
TDD Downlink subframe
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IIT Bombay
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Uplink subframe
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IIT Bombay
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Uplink periods
Initial Maintenance opportunities
Request opportunities
Ranging - to determine network delay and to request power or
profile changes
Collisions may occur in this interval
SSs request bandwith in response to polling from BS
Collisions may occur in this interval
Data grants period
SSs transmit data bursts in the intervals granted by the BS
Transition gaps between data intervals for synchronization
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Bandwidth request
SSs may request bandwidth in 3 ways:
Use the contention request opportunities interval
upon being polled by the BS
Send a standalone MAC message called BW
request in an allready granted slot
Piggyback a BW request message on a data packet
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IIT Bombay
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Bandwidth allocation
BS grants/allocates bandwidth in one of two
modes:
Grant Per Subscriber Station (GPSS)
Grant Per Connection (GPC)
Decision based on requested bandwidth and
QoS requirements vs available resources
Grants are notified through the UL-MAP
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IIT Bombay
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Bandwidth Request-Grant Protocol
2.1
5.1
BS
SS1
1
4
2.2
5.2
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SS2
4.
1. BS
BS allocates
allocates bandwidth
bandwidth to
to SSs
SSs
for
based on
for transmitting
transmitting data
bandwidth
their
bandwidth requests.
request.
is also
allocated for
2.1Bandwidth
SS1 transmits
bandwidth
requesting
requests. more bandwidth.
5.1
and
2.2 SS
SS12 transmits
transmits data
bandwidth
bandwidth
requests. requests.
5.2 SS2 transmits data and
bandwidth requests.
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Scheduling services
Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS)
Real-Time Polling Service (rtPS)
Real-time, periodic variable sizes packets (e.g MPEG)
BS issues periodic unicast polls
Non-Real-Time Polling Service (nrtPS)
Real-time, periodic fixed size packets (e.g. VoIP)
No periodic bandwith requests required
Variable sized packets with loose delay requirements (FTP)
BS issues unicast polls regularly (not necessarily periodic)
Can also use contention requests and piggybacking
Best Effort Service
Never polled individually
Can
use contention requests
and piggybacking
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Iyer
IIT Bombay
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Example
Total Uplink Bytes =
100
2 SS and 1 BS
SS1
SS2
Demands:
Demands:
UGS = 20
UGS = 10
rtPS = 12
rtPS = 10
nrtPS = 15
nrtPS = 15
BE = 30
BE = 20
Total Demand Per
Flow:
UGS = 30
rtPS = 22
nrtPS = 30
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Iyer
BE = 50
Flows:
UGS
1st Round 40
30
Excess Bytes = 18
2nd Round 30
10+6
30
Excess Bytes = 2
3rd Round
30
16+2
30
rtPS
30
22
nrtPS
20
20
22
20+12
22
32
22
30
22
30
BE
10
10
16
18
SS1 Allocation = 20 +12 + 15 + 9 = 56
SS2 Allocation = 10 +10 + 15 + 9 = 44
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References
IEEE 802.16-2001. IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan
Area Networks - Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband
Wireless Access Systems. Apr. 8, 2002.
C. Eklund, R. B. Marks, K. L. Stanwood, and S. Wang, IEEE
Standard 802.16: A Technical Overview of the WirelessMANTM
Air Interface for Broadband Wireless Access, IEEE
Communications Magazine, 40(6):98-107, June 2002.
Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, Prentice-Hall India,
Fourth edition, 2003.
S. Keshav. An Engineering Approach to Computer Networking.
Pearson Education, Sixth edition, 2003.
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IIT Bombay
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Thank You
Other Tutorials at: www.it.iitb.ac.in/~sri
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Contact Details:
Sridhar Iyer
School of Information Technology
IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076
Email: [email protected]
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IIT Bombay
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