HISTORY PRESENTATION
NAJAH ABDUL RAHMAN
11BAR1022
S5, [Link]
MESSOA
DECONSTRUCTIVISM
Deconstructivismis a development ofpostmodern
architecture that began in the late 1980s. It is
influenced by the theory of "Deconstruction", which is
a form ofsemiotic analysis. It is characterized by
fragmentation, an interest in manipulating a
structure's surface or skin, non-rectilinear shapes
which appear to distort and dislocateelements of
architecture,
such
as
structure
andenvelope.
Deconstructing is to deform a rationally structured
space so that the elements within that space are
forced into new relationships. It features a lot of
chopping up, layering, and fragmenting.
HISTORY
Deconstructivism came to public notice with the
1982Parc de la Villette architectural design
competition, the Museum of Modern Arts
1988Deconstructivist Architectureexhibition in
New York, organized byPhilip JohnsonandMark
Wigley, and the 1989 opening of theWexner
Center for the ArtsinColumbus, designed by
Peter Eisenman.
The New York exhibition featured works byFrank
Gehry,Daniel Libeskind,Rem Koolhaas,Peter
Eisenman,Zaha Hadid,Coop Himmelb(l)au,
andBernard Tschumi.
PHILOSOPHY
Deconstruction is primarily concerned with something
tantamount to a critique of the western philosophical
traditions.
Metaphysics of presence is the main subject of
deconstructivist philosophy in architecture theory.
Its seeks to expose ,and then to subvert the various binary
oppositions that undergrid our dominant ways of thinkingpresence/absence , speech/writing , and so forth.
Deconstructivism attempts to move away from the
supposedly constricting rules of modernism such as form
follows function, purity of form.
BUILDINGS
Jewish Museum, Berlin by Daniel
Libeskind
TheGuggenheim Museum,
Bilbao,Spain by Frank Gehry.
Walt Disney Concert Hall,Los
Angeles,California, by Frank Gehry.
UFA-Palast inDresden, Germany,
byCoop Himmelblau.
BERLINS-JEWISH MUSEUM
BERLINS-JEWISH MUSEUM
TheJewish Museum Berlin is one of the largest
Jewish Museums in Europe. In two buildings, one of
which is a new addition specifically built for the
museum byarchitectDaniel Libeskind.
The museum consists of three
spaces. All three of the
underground tunnels, or
"axes," intersect and may
represent the connection
between the three realities of
Jewish life in Germany, as
symbolized by each of the
three spaces: Continuity with
German history, Emigration
The intersection of
tunnels underneath
the museum.
The Museum itself, consisting
of about 161,000 square feet
(15,000 square meters), is a
twisted zig-zag and is
accessible only via an
underground passage from
the Berlin Museum's baroque
wing. Its shape is reminiscent
of a warpedStar of David.A
"Void," an empty space about
66 feet (20 m) tall, slices
linearly through the entire
building. An irregular matrix
of windows cuts in all
orientations across the
building's facade. A thin layer
the building's
A second undergroundtunnelconnects theofzinccoats
Museum proper
to the
exterior,
whichfoundation
willoxidize
E.T.A. Hoffmann Garden, or The Garden of Exile,
whose
turn bluish as it
is tilted. The Garden'soleastergrows out ofand
reach,
atop 49 tall
weathers.
pillars.
The final underground tunnel leads from the Museum to
theHolocaust Tower, a 79 foot (24 m) tall empty silo. The bare
concrete Tower is neither heated nor cooled, and its only light
comes from a small slit in its roof.
Plan
The
irregul
ar
matrix
of
One of the
ANALYSIS
Deconstructivism maintains a level of selfcriticism, as well as external criticism and
tends towards maintaining a level of
complexity.
Deconstructivism is a purely formal exercise
with little social significance.
Since the act of deconstructivism is not an
empirical process, it can result in whatever an
architect wishes, and it thus suffers from a
lack of consistency
Today there is a sense that the philosophical
underpinnings of the beginning of the
ECO-SENSITIVE DESIGN
Eco
sensitive designed building refers to a structure and using process that is
environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's lifecycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation,
and demolition
Eco-sensitive architecture is architecture that utilizes environmentally
conscious design techniques.
The common objective is that green buildings are designed to reduce the
overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural
environment by:
Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources
Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity
Reducing waste, pollution andenvironmental degradation
This brings together a vast array of practices, techniques, and skills to reduce
and ultimately eliminate the impacts of buildings on the environment and
human health. It often emphasizes taking advantage ofrenewable resources,
e.g., using sunlight throughpassive solar,active solar, and
photovoltaicequipment, and using plants and trees throughgreen roofs,rain
gardens, and reduction of rainwater run-off. Many other techniques are used,
such as using low-impact building materials or using packed gravel or
permeable concrete instead of conventional concrete or asphalt to enhance
replenishment of ground water.
BEDZED
Beddington Zero Energy Development(BedZED) is
anenvironmentally friendlyhousing development
inHackbridge,London,England.
It was designed by the architectBill Dunster.
PRINCIPLES
Zero energyThe project is designed to use only energy from renewable
sources generated on site. There are 777 square metres (8,360sqft) of solar
panels. Tree waste fuels the development'scogeneration plant (downdraft
gasifier) to providedistrict heatingand electricity.
Energy efficientThe houses face south to take advantage ofsolar gain, are
triple glazed, and have high thermal insulation.
Water efficientMost rain water falling on the site is collected and reused.
Appliances are chosen to be water-efficient and use recycled water when
possible. A "living machine" system of recycling waste water was installed.
Low-impact materialsBuilding materials were selected from renewable or
recycled sources within 35 miles (56km) of the site, to minimize the energy
required for transportation.
Waste recyclingRefuse-collection facilities are designed to support
recycling.
TransportThe development works in partnership with the United Kingdom's
leadingcar-sharing operator,City Car Club. Residents are encouraged to use
thisenvironmentally friendlyalternative to car ownership; an on-site
selection of vehicles are available for use.
Encourage eco-friendly transportElectric andliquefied-petroleum-gas cars
have priority over cars that burnpetroland diesel, and electricity is provided
in parking spaces for charging electric cars.
ANALYSIS
Buildings incorporate energy and water efficient technologies
that are not as readily available in traditional buildings .
Buildings typically involve less maintenance. The indoor air
quality is improved via natural and healthy materials. Buildings
utilize clean energy sources such as solar and wind power
Costs associated with green building make the building
methods cost-prohibitive.
When utilizing green building cooling components, such as
natural ventilation, consumers do not have a precise
mechanism to increase or decrease exact temperatures.
Differences in structural orientation will affect how natural
daylight enters the building structure, with this in mind there
may be a need to install more overhangs, blinds, or shades.
Green roofs are comprised of multiple layers including a
vegetation layer, growing medium, drainage or water storage,
insulation, a waterproofing membrane, and roof support. Since
they are usually heavier than a traditional roof, builders need to
improve upon the existing roofs strength in order to install a
green roof.
