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Polytropic Relations

The document discusses the polytropic process for ideal gases. It defines the polytropic process using pressure and volume relationships. For ideal gases, it describes additional relationships between temperature, pressure, and volume during a polytropic process. It then gives equations for work done during polytropic processes involving ideal gases. Finally, it shows that for ideal gases, entropy is a function of both temperature and volume or pressure.

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Al Farabi
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1K views4 pages

Polytropic Relations

The document discusses the polytropic process for ideal gases. It defines the polytropic process using pressure and volume relationships. For ideal gases, it describes additional relationships between temperature, pressure, and volume during a polytropic process. It then gives equations for work done during polytropic processes involving ideal gases. Finally, it shows that for ideal gases, entropy is a function of both temperature and volume or pressure.

Uploaded by

Al Farabi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

The Polytropic Process Ideal Gas

Definition of a polytropic process:

p2 V1

p1 V2

If the fluid is an ideal gas,


n

p2 V1 mRT1 / p1

p1 V2 mRT2 / p2
This leads to two additional relationships for ideal gases,
T2 p2

T1 p1
1

n 1 / n

and

T2
T1

2
V

V1

1 n

The Polytropic Process Ideal Gas


The work done during a polytropic process is,
W12

V2
V1

p1 V1 n
p2 V2 p1 V1
dV
n
V
1 n

for n 1

If the fluid is an ideal gas,


mR T2 T1
W12
1 n

for n 1

For the case where n = 1,


W12

V2
V1

p1 V1
V2
dV p1 V1 ln
V
V1

Ideal Gas Entropy f(T,V)


For the ideal gas, recall that
Pv RT , du cv dT , and dh c p dT

Then from the first Gibbs equation,


s2 s1

u2
u1

du

v2
v1

P
dv
T

T2

T1

dT
cv

v2
v1

RT dv

v T

T2

T1

dT
v2
cv
R ln
T
v1

Furthermore, if the heat capacity can be assumed constant,


s2 s1 cv ln

T2
v
R ln 2
T1
v1

Notice that the entropy of an ideal gas is a function of both


temperature and specific volume (or pressure).
3

Ideal Gas Entropy f(T,P)


For the ideal gas, recall that
Pv RT , du cv dT , and dh c p dT

Then from the second Gibbs equation,


s2 s1

h2
h1

dh

P2
P1

v
dP
T

T2

T1

dT
cp

P2
P1

RT dP

P T

T2

T1

P2
dT
cp
R ln
T
P1

Furthermore, if the heat capacity can be assumed constant,


s2 s1 c p ln

T2
P
R ln 2
T1
P1

Notice that the entropy of an ideal gas is a function of both


temperature and pressure.
4

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