Genetic Engineering
Genetic Engineers can Selective Breeding
alter the DNA code of
living organisms. Recombinant DNA
PCR
Gel Electrophoresis
Transgenic Organisms
Selective Breeding
Breed only those
plants or animals with
desirable traits
People have been
using selective
breeding for 1000s of
years with farm crops
and domesticated
animals.
Recombinant DNA
The ability to combine
the DNA of one
organism with the
DNA of another
organism.
Recombinant DNA
technology was first
used in the 1970s
with bacteria.
Recombinant Bacteria
1. Remove bacterial DNA (plasmid).
2. Cut the Bacterial DNA with
restriction enzymes.
3. Cut the DNA from another
organism with restriction
enzymes.
4. Combine the cut pieces of DNA
together with another enzyme and
insert them into bacteria.
5. Reproduce the recombinant
bacteria.
6. The foreign genes will be
expressed in the bacteria.
Benefits of Recombinant
Bacteria
1. Bacteria can make human insulin or
human growth hormone.
1. Bacteria can be engineered to eat oil
spills.
The DNA of plants and animals
can also be altered.
PLANTS
1. disease-resistant and
insect-resistant crops
2. Hardier fruit
3. 70-75% of food in
supermarket is
genetically modified.
How to Create a Genetically
Modified Plant
[Link] recombinant
bacteria with desired
gene.
2. Allow the bacteria to
infect" the plant cells.
3. Desired gene is
inserted into plant
chromosomes.
What do you think about eating
genetically modified foods?
Genetically modified organisms are
called transgenic organisms.
TRANSGENIC ANIMALS
1. Mice used to study human
immune system
2. Chickens more resistant to
infections
3. Cows increase milk supply
and leaner meat
4. Goats, sheep and pigs
produce human proteins in
their milk
Transgenic Goat
.
This goat contains a human
gene that codes for a blood
clotting agent. The blood
Human DNA in
clotting agent can be harvested
a Goat Cell
in the goats milk.
How to Create a
Transgenic Animal
Desired DNA
is
added to an
egg cell.
Ha Ha Ha!
Genetic Engineering and
Crime Scenes
Polymerase Chain Reaction
PCR
PCR allows scientists to
make many copies of a
piece of DNA.
1. Heat the DNA so it
unzips.
2. Add the complementary
nitrogenous bases.
3. Allow DNA to cool so the
complementary strands
can zip together.
Gel Electrophoresis
This technology
allows scientists to
identify someones
DNA!
Steps Involved in Gel
Electrophoresis
1. Cut DNA sample with
restriction enzymes.
2. Run the DNA fragments
through a gel.
3. Bands will form in the gel.
4. Everyones DNA bands are
unique and can be used to
identify a person.
5. DNA bands are like genetic
fingerprints.
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