Hand tools –
Precision instruments –
Special tools and equipments in an airplane maintenance shop
Specification and correct use of various aircraft hardware (i.e. nuts,
bolts, rivets, screws etc) –
American and British systems of specifications – Threads, gears,
bearings, etc –
Drills, tapes and reamers –
Identification of all types of fluid line fittings. Materials, metallic and
nonmetallic Plumbing connectors – Cables – Swaging procedures, tests,
Advantages of swaging over splicing.
Hand tools
General Purpose Tools
Screw drivers
Pliers
Spanners
Hammers
Wrenches
Metal Cutting Tools
Chisels
Files
Hand Snips
Hacksaws
Drills
Reamers
Taps and Dies
Measuring tools
Rules
Combination Sets
Scriber
Dividers and Pencil Compasses
Calliper
Precision measuring tools.
Precision measuring tools
Precision tools are capable of reading/measuring
in accurate as in fractional parts of a thousandth of
inch. And precision tool are measuring the
dimensions where the amount of error permitted is
less than 0.010 of an inch.
Micrometer
Vernier caliper
Gauges
Filler gauge
Dial indicator
Special tools and equipment's
Many special tools and equipment's are developed by
the aircraft manufactures to perform the
maintenance work effectively
Some special tools are
Special Wrenches
The category of special wrenches includes the crowfoot,
flare nut, spanner, torque, and Allen wrenches
Identification terminology various
aircraft hardware
Aircraft hardware is the term used to describe the
various types of fasteners and miscellaneous small
items used in the manufacture and repair of aircraft
Identification
Most items of aircraft hardware are identified by
their specification number or trade name.
Threaded fasteners and rivets are usually identified
by AN (Air Force-Navy), NAS (National Aircraft
Standard), or MS (Military Standard) numbers.
Quick-release fasteners are usually identified by
factory trade names and size designations.
Aircraft bolts
Most bolts used in aircraft structures are either
general purpose, AN bolts, or NAS internal
wrenching or close tolerance bolts, or MS
bolts.
Special bolts are usually identified by the letter
“S” stamped on the head.
Aircraft Nuts
Aircraft nuts are made in a variety of shapes and
sizes
No identifying marking or lettering appears on
nuts. They can be identified only by the
characteristic metallic luster or color of the
aluminum, brass,
They can be further identified by their
construction.
Aircraft nuts can be divided into two general
groups: non-self-locking and self-locking nuts
Rivets
Two of the major types of rivets used in aircraft are the common solid
shank type, which must be driven using a bucking bar, and the special
(blind) rivets, which may be installed where it is impossible to use a
bucking bar.
The specifications designate the material to be used as well as the head
type, diameter, and length of the rivet.
Some of the common standardizing organizations include:
AMS Aeronautical Material Specifications
AN Air Force-Navy
AND Air Force-Navy Design
AS Aeronautical Standard
ASA American Standards Association
ASTM American Society for Testing Materials
MS Military Standard
NAF Naval Aircraft Factory
NAS National Aerospace Standard
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
Screws
Commonly used screws are classified in three
groups:
structural screws, which have the same
strength as equal size bolts;
machine screws, which include the majority
of types used for general repair;
self tapping screws, which are used for
attaching lighter parts
American and British systems of specifications – Threads
British Association or BA screw threads are a largely
obsolete set of small screw threads, the largest being 0BA
at 6 mm diameter.
BA or British Association, a coarse thread series known as
BSW or British Standard Whitworth and a fine thread series
known as BSF or British Standard Fine.
British Standard Whitworth (BSW) sets out the number of
threads per inch for each nominal diameter of screw thread.
American and British systems of
specifications – Threads
Drills, tapes and reamers
Drill: To bore accurately sized holes in metal parts in
order to make attachments and to join parts in an
assembly.
Reamer: A reamer is a cutting tool designed to
enlarge a hole, to produce an accurately sized hole,
or to cut a tapered hole.
Taps and dies are tools used to create screw
threads, which is called threading. Many are cutting
tools; others are forming tools.
A tap is used to cut or form the female portion of
the mating pair (e.g., a nut).
A die is used to cut or form the male portion of the
mating pair (e.g., a bolt).
GEARS & BEARINGS
GEARS BEARINGS
1.These are the devices used for 1.These are the devices used for
the transmission of the energy the lubrication and for the
over a long distance. smooth of operation.
2. Angle of the direction 2.It is used for reducing the
changes to the requirements. vibration.
3.It is used for varying the 3.It is used not for varying the
speed. speed.
The types are The different types are
Spur, Plain,ball,roller, etc.,
epicyclic,bevel,helical,step
worm,sun and planet. etc.,
Identification of all types of fluid line fittings
Before making repairs to any aircraft tubing, it is
important to make accurate identification of tubing materials
