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Navigation of SAP and Overview

Presentation No:-1
/2010-2011/0003 By:

Version :1.0
Orane Consulting Private Limited
Corp Office :
B 23 IInd Floor, Sector 65,
NOIDA (UP) 201306 , INDIA,
Phone - +91-120- 4325118, 19
www.oraneconsulting.com
Email : [email protected]
 ERP - SAP OVERVIEW

• Brief introduction of participants

• Overview of SAP

• Modules in SAP

• Why SAP
Navigation
 SAP Overview
SAP – What, How & Why
-------------------------------
SAP R/3 is an Enterprise Resource Planning application, or
ERP.
An ERP is an integrated information system that usually
serves many departments within a company.
German phrase meaning “Systems, Applications, and
Products in Data Processing.”
SAP was founded in 1972 in Mannheim, Germany.
 SAP – What, How & Why

• Integrated Software

• Different parts of SAP's

software were in constant
communication.

• Better, more accurate

information with less effort.
SAP R/3 Modules

SD FI
Sales & Financial
Distribution Accounting

MM CO

R/3
R/3
Materials Controlling
Mgmt.
PP TR
Product Treasury
Planning

QM
Quality
Client/Server
Client/Server PS Project

PM ABAP/4
Mgmt.

ABAP/4 WF
System

Plant Mainte- Workflow

nance
HR IS
Human Industry
Resources Solutions
 Logging On
 A new window appears
 Enter your user-ID
 Enter your Password
The first time you use SAP
you need to reset your
password.
 The client number as well as
language are entered by
your administrator and
defaulted
 Press Enter on your
keyboard
 Logging On
 The initial password is
given by the
administrator
 The system automatically
displays a dialog box
 Enter your new password
in the New password
field
 Enter exactly the same
password in the Repeat
password field
 Select confirm
Main Menu Screen
 Various Keys

Exit Keys

Back Cancel
Exit Transaction
Or Log Off

Create New Session icon

 Viewing current sessions

• To view a listing of all sessions by command prompt, type “/o” in

the command field and press Enter

Generate will create a new blank session.

session

Switching between sessions

Windows allows you to use the Alt + Tab Method to move from session to
session. Do the following to switch between sessions:
 Logging Off

Log Off System

 Window Functions in SAP

SAP Window Functions

Pull-Down Menu Bar [

Standard Tool Bar
[ Title Bar [ Command Field
Application Tool Bar [

Status Bar [

(Bottom Right) [
 Window Functions in SAP
(ME51N)

Options

Push Buttons

Checkboxes

Tabs

Status Bar
 Typical Icons
Back Scroll buttons
First page, previous page, next page and
Returns to previous screen
Enter without saving data
last page

Confirms entered
data Does F1 Help
not save work Provides help on the field where
Save the cursor is positioned
Saves the work

Command field
Used to enter command, transaction Print Create shortcut
code. To display it, click the arrow Print current screen Create a shortcut to any
report, transaction
Cancel Create session
Exit current task
Create a new session
without saving data

Exit
Returns to initial screen
without saving data Find and Find next
Search for data in current screen; extend research
 Easy Access
 SAP Easy Access is new front
end-user interface implemented
from SAP 4.6A
 SAP Easy Access allows the
definition of user-specific
menus
 It can contain transactions,
reports, web addresses the user
needs to perform his daily tasks
 It appears when the user logs
on in SAP
 The user can also define his
favorites list
 Easy Access
 Select Extras>Settings in the menu bar. The window comes up.
Click one or many options. Click Enter.
 Each user can specify whether:
 Her/His favorites appear before or after the menu
 Only the favorites appear
 Technical transaction names appear in the tree menu
 The graphic on the right side of the screen appears
 Menu Paths

Microsoft Windows Explorer SAP Menu Path

 User Menu
User Menu display

This screen shot is

“To be Announced”.
You will have access to
display all screens,
however, you will be
limited by your security
as to what you can
change.
 Creating Favorites

 Each user can create her/his

favorites
 Favorites can contain
 SAP transactions
 Files or Web addresses
 Favorites can be organized in
folders
 Select Insert folder in menu/
name your folder and press
the check mark.
 Favorites can be moved or
renamed (changed)
 Select Move or Change
T-Codes from the History List

 In the Transaction Code field, click the document icon.

 The History list displays. This is a list of all transaction codes
recently used.

 Highlight a displayed item or scroll down the list to display

desired transaction and click.
 Selected transaction code appears highlighted in the
transaction code field.
 Press Enter.
 Help Functions
• Help Functions (F1 vs. F4)

F1 F4
 Org.Structure

Client
1000
400

Company
code Company
code
1000
0001 2000
0002

Plant
Plant 1P01
1000 Plant
Plant 1P02
1100 Plant
Plant 2P01
2000

SLoc SLoc Lagerort

SLoc SLoc SLoc
0111
0001 0112
0002 0121
0001
002 0122
0002 0123
0003

SAP
AG 2002
 SAP Terminology

TRANSACTION
• A transaction is a task
that you perform in
SAP.
• Any time you view a
report, or create or
display a document,
• you are running a
transaction.
 TRANSACTION CODE

 Most transactions within

SAP are associated with a
four-character code
called a transaction code.
 This transaction code can
be used in the command
field to jump directly to a
transaction without
having to follow the
navigation path..
 MASTER DATA

Master data is
important, long-
term data stored
within the SAP
system.

Important Master Data

In SAP
Material Master
Vendor Master
Customer Master
 DOCUMENT

• A document is data created in

association with a particular
business event or transaction.

• Sales orders, purchase orders,

material requisitions, and
general ledger postings are all
examples of documents
stored within SAP.

• Every document created in

SAP is assigned a document
number that uniquely
identifies it.
SAP Overview - Integration with other Modules

Project systems

Production
Quality

Sales Logistics Procurement

Finance / Asset Management

 Modules
• Finance
• Controlling
• Project Systems
• Production Planning
• Quality management
• Materials Management
• Sales and distribution
• Human Resource
 Contents
- Master Data
- Material Master
- Bill Of Material
- Work Centers
- Routings
- Sales and Operation Planning
- Demand Management
- Materials Requirements Planning
- Capacity Planning
- Production Control
 Queries
Presentation No:-1
/2010-2011/0003

Version :1.0
 Thank You
Presentation No:-1
/2010-2011/0003

Version :1.0
Production Planning
Master Data
Manufacturing Planning & Execution

SALES INFO PROCUREMENT

SYSTEM

FORECASTIN SALES & OPER DEMAND MRP

G PLANNING MGT.

CO/PA ORDER MANUFACTURING

SETTLEMENT EXECUTION

PLANNING PROCESS
EXECUTION PROCESS
 Master Data in PP

• Material Master
• Bills of Material
• Work Centers
• Routings
 Master Data in PP

Routing Work
Center

Production
Order

Material
BOM Master
Concept of Material Master in SAP.

• The material master contains information on all

the materials that a company procures, produces,
stores, and sells.
• The material master is used by all modules in the
SAP.
• Different departments in a company work with the
same material, so data in a material master record
is subdivided in the form of user departments.
• Material description and base unit of measure
appear in all user departments.
departments
User departments(cont..)
Material Master Views Related To PP

• Basic data
• MRP1
• MRP2
• MRP3
• MRP4
• Forecasting
• Work scheduling,
MRP CONTROLLER
 Role of MRP controller (cont..)
• The most important exception messages are rescheduling and reversal
proposals. These messages refer to receipt components that cannot
automatically be changed by the system (for example, production orders or
purchase orders).
• In the SAP system, new dates are also proposed for firmed order proposals
if the requirements situation has changed since the order proposal was
firmed.
• In case of capacity planing the MRP controller receives the information on
possible bottlenecks and overloads from the comparison of the available
capacity with the capacity requirements. As a result, planned orders can be
re-planned in the planning run before the master plan is passed on to
production.
• Exception messages provide information that refer to a situation that may
require attention, for example, start date of the planned order in past, stock
level fallen below the safety stock level, and so on.
 Role of MRP controller (cont..)
• During availability check In the planning results and in the evaluations of
the planning run, the MRP controller can use the ATP quantity to
determine whether all issues are covered by the master plan and how
many of the receipts are still open for new issues (such as sales orders)
that may arise.
• This provides the MRP controller with all the information he requires for
deciding whether the master plan has to be changed.
• After the planning run, the MRP controller can check and edit the order
proposals created using the various evaluation functions available.
• The MRP controller can also firm order proposals so that the system
makes no changes to them in the next planning run.
Production Control
 Production Orders
• Production orders are used to control production
within a company.
• A production order defines
– Which material is to be processed or produced,
– At which location I.e work center,
– At what time (When to produce ?),
– How much work (quantity) is required,
– Which materials are required,
– Which resources are to be used and
– How the order costs are to be settled.
Elements of Production Order
 Creation of Production Order
• An order can be generated in the following ways:
– By converting a planned order to a production order
– Without any previous requirement, that is by creating it manually
• When a production order is created the following actions are carried out:
– A routing is selected, its operations and sequences are transferred to the order.
– The bill of materials is exploded and the items in the bill of material are transferred
to the order.
– Reservations are generated for bill of material items held in Stock.
– The planned costs for the order are generated.
– The capacity requirements are generated for the work centers.
– Purchase requisitions are generated for non-stock items and externally-processed
operations.
 Production Order Creation
 The following information is listed for every operation:
 The operation number (this number specifies the sequence

in which operations are processed).

 The work center where the operation is to be executed
 The control key that determines how the operation is to be
used (for example, whether it must be confirmed, whether it
can be scheduled, whether it can be printed, and so on)
 The current status of the operation (for example, whether it
has already been created or released)
 A short description of the operation
Production Order Creation
Other data of Production order
– Production resources/tools
• Production resources/tools (PRTs) are, in contrast to
machines and fixed assets, moveable resources that are
not tied to a particular location and can be used several
times.
• In the production order production resources/tools
must always be allocated to a specific operation.
However, the allocation can already take place in the
routing.
 Checking the Availability of Material

• Before you start with production, check can be done

whether all the material components allocated to
the production order are available on the calculated
requirements dates.
• In a production order, the system can only check a
material component, if it is kept in stock
 Release of production order
• The following restrictions apply to a production order with the status
"created” and which is not released.
 Completion confirmations cannot yet be carried out for the
order.
 Shop papers cannot be printed.
 Stock movements I.e goods issues, receipts cannot be carried
out for the order.
• The release of the order cancels these restrictions.
• Printing orders is possible once the order is released.
• Shopfloor papers include:
– operation control ticket
– job ticket
– pick list
– time ticket
– confirmation slip
Production Order Release
 Confirmations
• Part of order monitoring, this documents the processing status of
operations or sub-operations. In the SAP System, a distinction is made
between partial and final confirmations.
• With confirmation you specify
 The quantity in an operation that was produced as yield, scrap and
the quantity to be reworked
 Dates
 How much work was actually done
 Which work center was used for the operation
 Reason for variance
• Usually confirmations are made for
 An order
 An operation
 Production Order Confirmation
 Confirmations Result in
 a reduction in the capacity load on the resource

 an update of the costs, based on the confirmed data

 an update of the order data, such as times or order

status

 withdrawal postings for backflushed components

 an automatic goods receipt

 Order Settlement

• When a production order is settled, the actual costs incurred for the order are
settled to one or more receiver cost-objects (for example, to the account for the
material produced or to a sales order).
• If the costs for the production order are settled to a material account, the order
is credited each time material is delivered to stock. The material stock account is
debited accordingly.
• If the costs for the production order are settled to another receiver (for example
to a sales order), the order is credited automatically at the time of settlement.
 Settlement
Single FG

RM cost
5 Rs
FG cost
= 15 Rs
+

Processing cost
10Rs
 Settlement
Multiple FG

RM cost
5 Rs FG1 cost
? Rs
=
+
FG2 cost
Processing cost ? Rs
10Rs
 Goods Movement
Before you can start producing a material, all the necessary
material components have to be issued from stock via
goods issues. The delivery to stock of the manufactured
material is documented in the system via a goods receipt. :

A material document is created to record the goods

movement.

The stock quantities of the material are updated.

The stock values are updated in the material master

record and the stock/consumption accounts are updated.
 Goods Movement
Movement types

‘261’ for GI to order

‘101’ for GR from order