Scribd
Upload
200 views12 pages

Viscosity: Concepts and Applications

Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. It can be measured using capillary or rotational viscometers. The viscosity of liquids generally decreases with increasing temperature, while the viscosity of gases increases. Viscosity also increases with pressure. Fluids can exhibit Newtonian, pseudoplastic, or thixotropic behavior depending on how viscosity changes with shear rate. Viscosity measurements are important for applications like selecting lubricants, pumping fluids, blending fuels, and coating/printing processes.

Uploaded by

Rohit Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
200 views12 pages

Viscosity: Concepts and Applications

Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. It can be measured using capillary or rotational viscometers. The viscosity of liquids generally decreases with increasing temperature, while the viscosity of gases increases. Viscosity also increases with pressure. Fluids can exhibit Newtonian, pseudoplastic, or thixotropic behavior depending on how viscosity changes with shear rate. Viscosity measurements are important for applications like selecting lubricants, pumping fluids, blending fuels, and coating/printing processes.

Uploaded by

Rohit Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Viscosity

Submitted to:-Mr. Rahul Agarwal Submittted By:-Suraj Kumar


Content

 Introduction
 Viscosity Measurements
 Effects of temperature
 Effects of pressure
 Viscosity - shear relationship
 Applications
Introduction
 Viscosity is a quantitative measure of a fluid’s resistance to
flow.

Dynamic (or Absolute) Viscosity:


 The dynamic viscosity(η) of a fluid is a measure of the
resistance it offers to relative shearing motion.
η= F/ [A×(u/h)]
η= τ /(u/h) N-s/m²

Kinematic Viscosity :
 It is defined as the ratio of absolute viscosity to the density
of fluid.
ν= η/ρ m²/s ; ρ= density of fluid
Viscosity Measurements
Capillary Viscometers
 It gives the ‘kinematic viscosity’ of the fluid. It is based on
Poiseuille’s law for steady viscous flow in a pipe.
Viscosity Measurements
Rotational Viscometers
 These viscometer give the value of the ‘dynamic viscosity’.
 It is based on the principle that the fluid whose viscosity is
being measured is sheared between two surfaces.
 In these viscometers one of the surfaces is stationary and the
other is rotated by an external drive and the fluid fills the
space in between.
Effects of temperature
 The viscosity of liquids decreases with increase the temperature.
 The viscosity of gases increases with the increase the temperature.
Effects of temperature
 The lubricant oil viscosity at a specific temperature can be
either calculated from the viscosity - temperature equation
or obtained from the viscosity-temperature ASTM chart.
Viscosity-Temperature Equations
Effects of pressure
 Lubricants viscosity increases with pressure.
 For most lubricants this effect is considerably largest
than the other effects when the pressure is significantly
above atmospheric.
 The Barus equation :
Viscosity - shear relationship
 For Newtonian fluids, shear stress linearly vary with the
shear rate as shown in Figure.Viscosity is constant for
this kind of fluid.

τ = η (u/h)

 Non Newtonian fluid doesn’t


follow the linear relation
between viscosity and shear rate.
Viscosity – shear relationship
Pseudoplastic Behaviour
 Pseudoplastic or shear thinning and is associated with the thinning
of the fluid as the shear rate increases.

Thixotropic Behaviour
 Thixotropic or shear duration thinning, is associated with a loss of
consistency of the fluid as the duration of shear increases.
 The opposite of this behavior is
known as inverse thixotropic.
Applications

 Selection of lubricants for various purpose.


- we can choose an optimum range of viscosity for engine oil.
- for high load and also for speed operation high viscous lubricants
is required.
 In pumping operation
- for high viscous fluid high power will require.
- for low viscous fluid low power will require.
 In making of blend fuel
- less viscous fuels easy to mix.
 In the operation of coating and printing.
Thank You

You might also like