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X-ray Basics for Medical Professionals

The document provides an introduction to x-ray systems and diagnostic imaging. It discusses what x-rays are, how they are generated in an x-ray tube, important safety measures like time, distance and shielding, and how x-rays can produce images by penetrating tissues of varying densities. The document also covers components of an x-ray system like collimation, grids, bucky tables, tomography, and image intensifiers. Specific exams like esophagrams and upper GI are mentioned.

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474 views19 pages

X-ray Basics for Medical Professionals

The document provides an introduction to x-ray systems and diagnostic imaging. It discusses what x-rays are, how they are generated in an x-ray tube, important safety measures like time, distance and shielding, and how x-rays can produce images by penetrating tissues of varying densities. The document also covers components of an x-ray system like collimation, grids, bucky tables, tomography, and image intensifiers. Specific exams like esophagrams and upper GI are mentioned.

Uploaded by

catur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction to Roentgen Systems and Diagnostic X-ray
  • What is X-ray?
  • Topics Overview
  • Radiation Safety
  • Important Safety Measures
  • Basic Imaging Principles
  • The X-ray Tube
  • Effect of Contrast Medium
  • Collimation
  • Grids
  • Bucky
  • Tomography
  • Image Intensifiers
  • SDM Selective Dominant Measurement
  • Sireskop SX
  • Typical Exams
  • Final Questions

Siemens Medical Solutions

Introduction to Roentgen Systems


and
Diagnostic X-ray
2

Topics to be covered

 What is X-ray?
 Radiation Safety
 The X-ray Tube (generation of radiation).
 Image Receptors.
 Basic Imaging Principles.
 Room Components.
 Basics of Diagnostic Imaging.
5

What is X-Ray?

 Discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen

 An invisible energy that can


penetrate solid objects.

 It’s ability to penetrate objects


depends on the object’s density.

 X-rays produce a shadow much


like visible light.

 This shadow captured on film is


called a radiograph.
6

How do X-rays work?

 X-rays are emitted from an x-ray tube in precisely


measured doses.

 However radiation can cause damage to the human body if


it is emitted in uncontrolled quantities - Thus, the Siemens’
emphasis on lowest radiation dose!!
9

Important Safety Measures

 Time: Keep the time spent in radiation areas to an absolute minimum.

 Distance: Keep as much distance between you and the source as


possible. This is very important because when the distance is doubled,
radiation exposure is reduced by a factor of 4.

 Shielding: Always use lead aprons or lead partitions when in a radiation


area.
10

Basic Imaging Principle

 Visible light produces a


shadow of the perimeter of a
solid object.

 X-rays penetrate the soft


tissue around the bone and
the shadow is that of the skull.

 This shadow is captured on


film.
11

The X-ray Tube

 How are X-rays generated?

 When fast moving electrons


collide with matter in any form,
X-rays are produced

 This is the function of the X-


ray tube
15

Effect of contrast medium on x-ray absorption.

 Contrast media are


substances which differ in
density and atomic number
from the tissues surrounding
them.

 Blood vessels associated with


the kidney are easily seen.

 Renal arteriogram.
18

Collimation

 The primary beam should be


confined to the size and shape
that will just cover the region
of diagnostic interest.

 PBL

 ACSS
23

Grids

 The primary radiation from the


focal spot passes through the
grid, but the scatter radiation
from the object hits the strips
at various angles and is
absorbed. This produces a
sharper image.
24

Effects of the Grid


Non-grid Grid
27

Bucky

 A device comprised of a grid and the mechanism to move it


is called a Bucky.

 Multix
 Vertix
 Sireskop
36

Tomography

 A technique which provides an


image of any selected plane
through the body, while
blurring out images of
structures that lie above and
below that plane.
42

Image Intensifiers

 Input phosphor - converts X-ray to


visible-light.
 Photocathode - gives off electrons
in proportion to the intensity of the
light .
 Electron optics - focus the
electrons onto an output phosphor
which is much smaller than the
input.
 Anode - used to accelerate the
electrons to the output phosphor
where considerably brighter
visible-light is created.
45

SDM Selective Dominant Measurement

 Digital phototiming which


expands the feature of digital
imaging.
 Eliminates repeat exposures
by providing an optimum
technique the first time.
 Calculates exposure
technique during fluoro.
 Siemens Exclusive
47

Sireskop SX
48

Typical Exams

 Esophagram: Barium
swallow to diagnose a hiatul
hernia or narrowing of the
esophagus.

 Upper GI: Time dependent


barium swallow to diagnose
stomach abnormalities and
small intestines.
49

Typical Exams

 Barium Enema: Diagnostic


examination to detect
abnormalities in the lower
intestine and colon.

Diverticulitis

Colon Cancer
Questions

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