CITIZENSHIP
Philippine Politics and Governance
Prepared by:
EDUARDO R. GALAPON III
Learning Competencies
The learners…
1. explain citizenship
2. assess the various avenues for citizen
participation
3. illustrate the value of citizenship
SECTION 1. The following are citizens
of the Philippines:
(1) Those who are citizens of the Philippines at
the time of the adoption of this Constitution;
(2) Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of
the Philippines;
(3) Those born before January 17, 1973, of
Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine
citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and
(4) Those who are naturalized in
accordance with law.
CITIZEN CITIZENSHIP
- a member of a - denotes membership
democratic of a citizen in a political
community who society , which
enjoys full civil and membership implies,
political rights and is reciprocally, a duty of
accorded protection allegiance on the part
inside and outside the of the members and
territory of the State. duty of protection on
the part of the state.
General ways of acquiring citizenship:
INVOLUNTARY METHOD
- by birth because of
blood relationship (jus sanguinis) or
place of birth (jus soli or loci ).
VOLUNTARY METHOD
-by naturalization, cessation, conquest or
treaty.
(1) Those who are citizens of the
Philippines at the time of the adoption of
this Constitution
The citizens referred to are those
considered Filipino citizens at the time
of the effectivity of the present
Constitution on February 2, 1987.
(2) Those whose fathers or mothers are
citizens of the Philippines
The Philippines follows the principle of jus
sanguinis. In determining the citizenship of
the child, Filipino mothers are placed on
equal footing with their husbands.
(3) Those born before January 17, 1973, of
Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine
citizenship upon reaching the age of majority
Under the 1935 Constitution, a child born of a
Filipino mother, who was married to a
foreigner, is born an alien and remains an
alien during his minority until he elects
Philippine citizenship.
(4) Those who are naturalized in
accordance with law.
Those who are not Filipino citizens at birth
may become citizens by
NATURALIZATION which is a
voluntary method of acquiring citizenship
by renouncing his former citizenship and
embracing a new one.
Naturalization
The act of formally adopting a
foreigner into the political body of
the state and giving him rights and
privileges of citizenship.
Kinds of Citizen
Natural-born are those who do not need to
perform any act to acquire his Philippine
citizenship.
Naturalized are those who were originally
citizens of another country, but who, by an
intervening act, have acquired new citizenship
in a different country.
SECTION 2.
Natural-born citizens are those who are
citizens of the Philippines from birth
without having to perform any act to
acquire or perfect their Philippine
citizenship.
SECTION 3.
Philippine citizenship may be lost or
reacquired in the manner provided by law.
Ways of losing citizenship
VOLUNTARILY
a.) by naturalization in a foreign country
b.) by express renounciation of citizenship
c.) by supporting the constitution and laws of a
foreign country
d.) by rendering service to the armed forces of
a foreign country
INVOLUNTARILY
a.) by cancellation of his certificate of
naturalization by the court
b.) by having been declared as a deserter in the
Philippine armed forces in time of war.
Ways of reacquiring lost
Philippine Citizenship
a.) by naturalization
b.) by repatriation of deserters of the
Philippine armed forces
c.) by direct act of the Congress.
SECTION 4.
Citizens of the Philippines who marry
aliens shall retain their citizenship, unless
by their act or omission they are deemed,
under the law, to have renounced it.
SECTION 5.
Dual allegiance of citizens is inimical
to the national interest and shall be
dealt with by law.
NOTE: What Section 5 prohibits is not
dual citizenship but dual allegiance. Dual
citizenship arises because our laws
cannot control laws of other countries on
citizenship.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9225
Citizenship Retention and
Re-acquisition Act of 2003
Natural-born citizens of the Philippines who
have lost their Philippine citizenship by
reason of their naturalization as citizens of a
foreign country are hereby deemed to have
re-acquired Philippine citizenship upon
taking the oath of allegiance to the
Republic.
Important Terms
Expatriation refers to the voluntary loss or
renunciation of citizenship.
Expatriate are those who voluntarily lost or
renounced their citizenship.
Repatriation is the reacquisition of one's
nationality by taking the necessary oath of
allegiance.
Important Terms
Dual allegiance refers to the continued
allegiance of naturalized nationals to their
mother country even after acquiring
Filipino citizenship.
Dual citizenship refers to the possession of
two citizenships by an individual.
Alien is a citizen of a country who is
residing in or passing through another
country.
W HAT IS THE D IFFERENCE
BETWEEN C ITIZENSHIP AND
N ATIONALITY ?
Citizenship Nationality
• Legal or juristic • Ethnic or racial
• Can be • Absolute,
changed or Innate
taken-back
