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Wallace Tree Multiplier Overview

This document describes the Wallace tree multiplier algorithm. It has 3 stages: 1) generating partial products, 2) adding partial products using carry-save addition in multiple steps, and 3) final addition. The Wallace tree multiplier is faster than a simple array multiplier by performing the partial product additions in parallel through multiple carry-save addition steps, resulting in fewer delays during the final addition stage. It has advantages of lower delay and power consumption compared to normal multiplication, though it has a more complex layout.

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Rashmi Singh
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2K views16 pages

Wallace Tree Multiplier Overview

This document describes the Wallace tree multiplier algorithm. It has 3 stages: 1) generating partial products, 2) adding partial products using carry-save addition in multiple steps, and 3) final addition. The Wallace tree multiplier is faster than a simple array multiplier by performing the partial product additions in parallel through multiple carry-save addition steps, resulting in fewer delays during the final addition stage. It has advantages of lower delay and power consumption compared to normal multiplication, though it has a more complex layout.

Uploaded by

Rashmi Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

WALLACE TREE

MULTIPLIER
BY
RASHMI SINGH (219EC2160)
PANYAM MAHITHA (219EC2192)
INTRODUCTION

 Faster than simple Array Multiplier

 A Wallace tree multiplier is a parallel multiplier which uses the


carry save addition algorithm to reduce the latency.
ALGORITHM

Any multiplier has 3 stages:

1. Partial Products

2. Addition of Partial Products

3. Final Addition
STAGE 1
Products (each blue square) are the result of a
simple and gate

All products are done simultaneously


Requires a lot of Hardware (N^2 AND gates)
The main challenge lies in adding the columns
STAGE 2 - STEP1
To add up columns, add three rows at a time
The result for each set of three rows is
a set of two rows
Each resulting set of rows has a row for the sum
and a row for the carry-out
Odd rows are left alone
Red: full adder output
Yellow: half adder output
Green: left alone
STAGE 2 – STEP2
Repeat the process
This time, there are two sets of three rows
Result in two sets of two rows
This stage takes a lot of hardware as well
Gray boxes indicate the summation bits have been
moved down to the carry-out row
STAGE 2 – STEP 3
Repeat the process
This time, there is only one set of three rows, plus an extra row for carry down
Result is three rows, two from the set of three
plus the one carried down

Each step takes as long as a full adder


because that is the slowest part

All additions are done in parallel


STAGE 3
Final result is calculated by adding final two rows
In this example, the 5LSBs need not be added
Result is that Wallace tree multiplication takes about the same
amount of time as a 2N bit ripple carry adder
TIME DELAYS
Stage 1’s total time: 1 AND gate

Stage 2’s total time: 4 times the full adder delay (in this example)

Stage 3’s total delay time is the greatest, because there can be delays as the
carries are propagated in the final addition

The time taken for stage 2 is saved by having fewer delays in stage 3
TREE STRUCTURE OF PARTIAL PRODUCT MATRIX
EXAMPLE
ARCHITECTURE
ARRAY MULTIPLIER ARCHITECTURE
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
Compared to normal multiplication delay is very low
 Power consumption is low
Complex layout and irregular wires
APPLICATIONS
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
FIR Filters
Discrete and in Wavelet Transform (DWT)
Auto-correlation
THANK YOU

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