Artificial Intelligence
18/12/2019 Dr. K. M. KARTHICK RAGHUNATH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
What is AI???? Minky & McCarthy
Learning
Planning Reasoning
Knowledge Perception
Representation
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
Social Motion
Intelligence
Problem
Solving
Manipulation
Creativity
18/12/2019 Dr. K. M. KARTHICK RAGHUNATH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
What Exactly AI is!!!
Artificial Intelligence is composed of two
words Artificial and Intelligence,
• where Artificial defines "man-made," and
• intelligence defines "thinking power",
• hence AI means "a man-made thinking power.“
"It is a branch of computer science by which we can create
intelligent machines which can behave like a human, think like
humans, and able to make decisions. Artificial Intelligence exists
when a machine can have human based skills such as learning,
reasoning, and solving problems"
18/12/2019 Dr. K. M. KARTHICK RAGHUNATH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Intelligent Systems
“Like “Rationally
People” ”
Cognitive Laws of
Think
Science Thought
Turing Rational
Act Test Agents
Alan Turing (1950)
18/12/2019 Dr. K. M. KARTHICK RAGHUNATH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
HISTORY OF AI
Maturation of Artificial Intelligence (1943-1952)
• Year 1943: The first work which is now recognized as AI was done by Warren McCulloch and Walter pits in
1943. They proposed a model of artificial neurons.
• Year 1949: Donald Hebb demonstrated an updating rule for modifying the connection strength between
neurons. His rule is now called Hebbian learning.
• Year 1950: The Alan Turing who was an English mathematician and pioneered Machine learning in 1950. Alan
Turing publishes "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" in which he proposed a test. The test can check the
machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to human intelligence, called a Turing test.
The birth of Artificial Intelligence (1952-1956)
• Year 1955: An Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon created the "first artificial intelligence program“ which was
named as "Logic Theorist". This program had proved 38 of 52 Mathematics theorems, and find new and more
elegant proofs for some theorems.
• Year 1956: The word "Artificial Intelligence" first adopted by American Computer scientist John McCarthy at
the Dartmouth Conference. For the first time, AI coined as an academic field.
18/12/2019 Dr. K. M. KARTHICK RAGHUNATH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
HISTORY OF AI
The golden years-Early enthusiasm (1956-1974)
• Year 1966: The researchers emphasized developing algorithms which can solve mathematical problems.
Joseph Weizenbaum created the first chatbot in 1966, which was named as ELIZA.
• Year 1972: The first intelligent humanoid robot was built in Japan which was named as WABOT-1.
The emergence of intelligent agents (1993-2011)
• Year 1997: In the year 1997, IBM Deep Blue beats world chess champion, Gary Kasparov, and became the
first computer to beat a world chess champion.
• Year 2002: for the first time, AI entered the home in the form of Roomba, a vacuum cleaner.
• Year 2006: AI came in the Business world till the year 2006. Companies like Facebook, Twitter, and
Netflix also started using AI.
• Deep learning, big data and artificial general intelligence (2011-present)
18/12/2019 Dr. K. M. KARTHICK RAGHUNATH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Foundation of AI
• Mathematics
• Neuroscience
• Control Theory
• Linguistics
18/12/2019 Dr. K. M. KARTHICK RAGHUNATH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Sub-areas of AI
AI is a interdisciplinary area having numerous diverse sub-fields. Some are
• Knowledge Representation Models
• Theorem Proving Mechanisms
• Game Playing Methodologies
• Common Sense Reasoning dealing with uncertainty and decision making
• Learning Models, Inference Techniques, Pattern Recognition, Search and Matching, etc.
• Logic (fuzzy, temporal, modal)
• Planning and Scheduling
• Natural Language Understanding, Speech Recognition, and Understanding Spoken Utterances
• Computer Visions
• Models for Intelligent Tutoring Systems
• Robotics
• Data Mining
• Expert Problem Solving
• Neural Networks, AI Tools, etc.
• Web Agents
18/12/2019 Dr. K. M. KARTHICK RAGHUNATH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Applications of AI
18/12/2019 Dr. K. M. KARTHICK RAGHUNATH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Problem Solving: State- Space
Search and Control Strategies
18/12/2019 Dr. K. M. KARTHICK RAGHUNATH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
