HOSPITAL
ELECTRICAL SUPPLY DISTRIBUTIONS.
• ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
• THE ELECTRICAL LIFELINE OF THE HOSPITAL IS DEPEND ON THE MAIN CONCERN OF THE
DESIGN TEAM AND THE HOSPITAL ENGINEER.
• THE PIVOT AROUND WHICH ALMOST EVERY FUNCTION OF THE HOSPITAL REVOLVES
AND THE SYSTEM IS BECOMING INCRIESINGLY MORE DEMANDING ,COMPLEX AND
CURICAL .
• ELECTRICAL ENERGY IS AN ESSENTIAL SOURCE OF POWER .
• SPECILIZED MEDICAL AND ELECTRIONIC EQUIPMENT USED FOR DIGNOSIS , TREATMENT
AND REHABILITATION OF PATIENT AND HENCE LARGE LOAD OF POWER NEEDED IN
HOSPITAL .
• THERE IS NEED TO CREATE AN AWARNESS OF THE ENERGY COST AND THE
PRESERVATION OF BOTH WITHIN AN OUTSIDE THE HOSPITAL .
• THE BASICE FUNCTIONAL RESOURCES ARE AS FOLLOWS:
• ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL INCLUDING VENTILATING , HEATING AND AIR
CONDITIONING .
• HEATING AND COOLING WATER .
• LIGHTNING
• COOKING, REFREGERATING , AND FREEZING FOOD
• OPERATING ALL TYPE OF MEDICAL , STERLIZATION , INCINERATION , LAUNDRY ETC.
• TRENDS FOLLOWS IN HOSPITAL:
• MOST PART OF THE HOSPITAL BEING CENTRALLY AIR CONDITIONED
• STAND BY GENERATOR INCREASED NUMBER OF OPERATING ROOMS AND
LABORATORIES , HEAVILY EQUIPPED DIGNOSTIC CENTERS.
• DESIGN PRODUCERS OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FOR HOSPITAL
• WORK OUT ACTUAL CONNECTED LOAD AND DEMAND FOR THE PRESENT AND
FUTURE .
• DEVELOP THE SITE PLAN OF THE HOSPITAL PLAN SHOWING THE SIZE AND
LOCATION OF THE PRESENT AND FUTURE LOADS .
• WORK OUT THE ESSENTIAL LOAD AND THEN DETERMINE THE CAPACITY OF DISEL
GENERATOR
• ESTABLISH VOLTAGE LEVEL THROUGHOUT THE HOSPITAL PLANT .
• DETERMINE THE SIZE ,NUMBER AND LOCATION OF POWER CENTERS.
DETERMINE THE SERVICE ABILITY SELECT CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT REQUIRED IN
EACH HOSPITAL AREA AND DESIGN THE CIRCUIT .
• PROVIDE ADEQUATE POWER SUPPLY POINTS .
• PROVIDE PROTECTION AGAINST LIGHTNING,EARTH LEAKAGE CURRENT,SHORT
CIRCUIT CURRENT,UNDERVOLTAGE AND OVERVOLTAGE.
• CONSIDER SPECIAL LIGHTING DESIGN FOR PATIENT AND OTHER AREAS.
• PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS -
• THE HOSPITAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEAM CALLS FOR CAREFULL PLANNING.
• PLANNING CONSIDRETION DEPENDS ON FUTURE NEEDS IN TERMS OF
EXPANSION AND INCREASE WORK LOAD.
• HOSPITALS STAFF ARE THE ONES WHO OPERATE AND MAINTAIN EQUIPMENT
AND FACILITIES OF THE SYSTEM
• ENGG AND MAINTANCE STAFF ARE MUST.
• POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEAM SHOULD BE ADEQATE TO MEET THE SERVICE
REABILITY REQUIRMENTS OF HOSPITAL.
• ENGG SHOULD BE CONVERSANT WITH VARIOUS CODES AND STANDARDS
APPLICABLE TO HOSPITAL.
EMERGENCY GENERATORS
• NECESSITY –
• IN HOSPITALS PATIENT CARE DEPENDS ON AN UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY .
• HOSPITALS DO PROVIDE EMERGENCY SOURCE OF POWER SUPPLY .
• THIS EMERGENCY POWER USUALLY USED FOR LIGHTING AND EQUIPMENTS.
• THE USUAL SOURCE OF POWER USED IN HOSPITAL FOR EMERGENCIES IS THE
GENERATOR THAT IS DRIVEN BY AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OPERATING
ON DIESEL OIL.
• AT THE PLANNING AND DESIGN STAGE THE ENGINEER SHOULD BE SPECIFIED
WHICH LOADS HAVE TO BE TRANSFERRED AUTOMATICALLY OR MANUALLY ,
DEPENDING ON THE URGENCY OR CRITICALLITY OF THE FUNCTION .
• EX. ALL LIGHTS ARE CONNECTED TO THE AUTOMATIC TRANSFER LOAD BECAUSE
PATIENTS AND VISITORS OFTEN PANIC IN THE DARK.
LOCATION -
UNINTERRUPTABLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS)
• UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES EVEN A 10 SECONDS INTERRUPTION OF
POWER SUPPLY IN HOSPITALS MAY PROVE LIFE THREATENING .
• USE :
1. OPERATING ROOMS ( OPEN HEART SURGERY OR A KIDNEY TRANSPLANT).
2. ICU ( INTENSE CARE UNIT ).
3. CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION LAB OR STRESS TEST LABORATORY.
4. ENGINEERS WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND MEDICAL
STAFF SHOULD IDENTICALLY CRITICAL AREAS THAT SHOULD BE HOOKED
ON TO THE UPS.
1. VOLTAGE SENSITIVE MEDICAL EQUIPMENTS, COMPUTERS.
2. SMALL PERCENTAGE OF LIGHTING ARE CONNECTED TO UPS THAT TYPICALLY
HAS A BATTERY BACK UP OF 30 MINUTES .
3. SOMETIME ADVANCE UPS SYSTEMS BUILT IN BATTERY BACK UP TO KEEP THE
EQUIPMENT SAFELY .
4 THERE ARE SEVERAL POWER CONDITIONING ALTERNATIVES LIKE UPS .
SUCH AS MOTAR GENERATOR SET THAT CAN PROTECT THE COMPUTER
AND THE OTHER MEDICAL EQUIPMENT.
ELECTRIC LOAD ESTIMATES FOR A 200 BED HOSPITAL.
KW
HVAC 1200
GENERAL LIGHTING( EXTERNAL) 320
GENERAL LIGHTS AND POWER PLUGS 350
MRI ,CAT SCAN AND X-RAY 300
ANGIOGRAPHY AND GAMMA CAMERA ETC. 175
PATHOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY LAB 150
CSSR 200
SURGILICL SUITES (4-5) 150
SERVERS ,PCs 100
ELEVATORS AND DUMBWAITERS 125
LAUNDRY AND KITCHEN 250
WATER SUPPLY AND TREATMENT PLANTS 180
MISCELLANEOUS 100
TOTAL 3600
COMMON FLOW OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN THE BUILDINGS-
MAIN LINE MAIN CONTROL M.C.B
METER PANEL
DISTRIBUTION
FULL BOARD
POINT
ELECTRICAL SWITCH
EQUIPMENT HALF BOARD
POINT
GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY
• THE ELECTRICITY IS GENERATED IN PLANTS KNOWN BY VARIOUS NAMES SUCH AS
POWER HOUSE,POWER GENERATING STATION AND POWER PLANTS
• VARIOUS METHOD OF GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY-
• A]THERMAL ELECTRICITY/THERMAL POWER
B]ATOMIC POWER
C]HYDRO-ELECTRICITY
D]WIND POWER
E]SOLAR POWER
THREE PHASE A.C POWER-
• THREE PHASE A.C.:
• Three-phase electric power is a common
method of alternating current electric
power generation, transmission, and
distribution
• BENEFITS AND USES OF A THREE PHASE AC POWER SUPPLY-
• Typical applications for 3 phase systems include data centers, mobile
towers, power grids, shipboard and aircraft, unmanned systems, and
any other electronic with a load greater than 1000 watts. Three phase
power supplies offer a superior carrying capacity for higher load
systems. Some of the benefits include:
• Reduction of copper consumption
• Fewer safety risks for workers
• Lower labor handling costs
• Greater conductor efficiency
• Ability to run higher power loads
SINGLE PHASE AC POWER SYSTEM
• A single phase AC power system peaks in voltage at 90⁰ and 270⁰, with a
complete cycle at 360⁰ (see chart below.) With these peaks and dips in voltage,
power is not delivered at a constant rate. In a single phase system, there is one
neutral wire and one power wire with current flowing between them.
• Benefits and Uses of a Single Phase AC Power Supply
• Single phase power supply units have a broad array of applications. Units that
have a limited power need up to 1000 watts* typically make the most efficient use
of a single phase AC power supply. Generally, benefits of selecting a single phase
system include:
• Broad array of application uses
• Most efficient AC power supply for up to 1000 watts
• Fewer design costs
• Less complex designs
•
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SINGLE PHASE AND DOUBLE PHASE
TERMINOLOGIES
• CURRENT:CURRENT IS THE MOVEMENT OR PASSAGE OF ELECTRICITY ALONG A
CONDUCTOR.CURRENTS IS GENERALLY MEASURED IN AMPERE
• AMPERE’A’{AMP}:AMPERE IS A UNIT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
• CONDUCTOR: A SUBSTANCE THAT ALLOWS AN ELECTRIC CURRENT TO PASS OR
FLOW THROUGH IT RELATIVELY FREELY IS CALLED
CONDUCTOR.COPPER,ALUMINIUM,BRASS,SILVER,ARE GOOD CONDUCTORS OF
ELECTRICITY FOR MATTER ALMOST ALL METALS ARE GOOD CONDUCTORS AND SO
IS WATER
• INSULATOR: A SUBSTANCE THAT RESISTS THE FLOW OR PASSAGE OF AN ELECTRIC
CURRENT THROUGH IT IS CALLED INSULATOR. RUBBER,WOOD,GLASS,PORCELAIN
/CERAMICS,PLASTICS ARE INSULATORS THAT IS SAY ALL INSULATORS ARE POOR
CONDUCTORS AND VICE-VERSA
• FREQUENCY:THE FREQUENCY OF AN ALTERNATING CURRENT (A.C.)IS THE NUMBER
OF CYCLES COMPLETED IN ONE SECOND
THE NORMAL SUPPLY IS AN ALTERNATE CURRENT AT A FREQUENCY OF 50 CYCLES
PER SECOND GENERALLY ,THE FREQUENCY IS EXPRESSED BY THE TERM ‘HERTZ’(HZ) IT
THEREFORE CAN BE SAID THE FREQUENCY OF A.C. IS 50HZ
•TRANSFORMER: IS AN INSTRUMENT FOR REDUCING AND TRANSFORMING A HIGH
PRESSURE VOLTAGE TO A LOW ONE BY INDUCTION OR INCREASING A LOW PRESSURE
TO HIGHER ONE .
• SWITCH: SWITCH IS THE CONTROL USED TO TURN THE FLOW OF ELECTRICITY
ON OR OFF TO THE ELECTRICAL DEVICE TO WHICH IT CONNECTS.
• FIXTURES: THE LIGHTING FIXTURES USED ,THESE FIXTURES MAY BE
WALL/CEILING, FLOOR MOUNTED OR OF TABLE LAMPS.
• FUSE : FUSE ARE SAFETY DEVICES FOR PROTECTING
CONDUCTORS,FIXTURES,FITTINGS AND SIMILAR ELECTRICAL DEVICES
AGAINST OVERLOAD OR SHORT CIRCUITS
• SOLAR POWER :
• IS THE CONVERSION OF ENERGY FROM SUNLIGHT INTO ELECTRICITY, EITHER DIRECTLY
USING PHOTOVOLTAICSPHOTOVOLTAICS
• PHSOTOVOLTAIC : IS THE CONVERSION OF LIGHT INTO ELECTRICITY USING
SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS THAT EXHIBIT THE PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT, A
PHENOMENON STUDIED IN PHYSICS, PHOTOCHEMISTRY, AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY.
• INDIRECTLY USING CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER, OR A COMBINATION.
CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER SYSTEMS USE LENSES OR MIRRORS AND TRACKING
SYSTEMS TO FOCUS A LARGE AREA OF SUNLIGHT INTO A SMALL BEAM
• LUX LEVEL/MAINTAIN LEVEL/UTILIZATION FACTOR/LUMONS
OUTPUTS :INTENSITY OF LIGHT REQUIRED IN AN AREA
/ROOM
• FORMULA:
NUMBER OF FIXTURE =AREA IN SQ M X LUX LEVEL
EG= IF A ROOM SIZE IS 15 SQ M AND HAVING 2 NUMBER OF
FIXTURE
THEN,
2=15 X LUX LEVEL
LUX LEVEL=15/2
: LUX LEVEL=7.5
EARTHING
• EARTHING PIT/ CHAMBER=600 X600 MM
• MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO EARTHING CHAMBER=1500MM
• MINIMUM DISTANCE OF EARTHING CHAMBER FROM BUILDING
FOOTING =1500MM
• MINIMUM EARTHING PIT DEPTH AS PER STRATA
• UNAVAILABILITY OF SOIL TEST REPORT
