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Tabulation Method: The Quine-Mccluskey Method

The Quine-McCluskey method, also known as the tabulation method, provides a systematic way to minimize Boolean functions with any number of variables. It works by grouping minterms based on the number of 1's, then combining minterms that differ in a single variable. The remaining terms are called prime implicants. These prime implicants are candidates for the simplified Boolean function. The method is demonstrated through examples, showing how it can derive the same minimized expressions as the K-map method for functions with many variables.

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398 views23 pages

Tabulation Method: The Quine-Mccluskey Method

The Quine-McCluskey method, also known as the tabulation method, provides a systematic way to minimize Boolean functions with any number of variables. It works by grouping minterms based on the number of 1's, then combining minterms that differ in a single variable. The remaining terms are called prime implicants. These prime implicants are candidates for the simplified Boolean function. The method is demonstrated through examples, showing how it can derive the same minimized expressions as the K-map method for functions with many variables.

Uploaded by

TECH BANGLADESH
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Tabulation Method

The Quine-McCluskey Method


K-map going big!

6 variable k-map
• K-map works well upto 4 variable, but when number of variable is
more than that trouble starts as it gets difficult to recognize patters
leading to wrong selection
• Quine McCluskey method or the tabulation method is more
systematic and works well for any number of variable
Part 1:Determination of the prime
implicant
Forming the tabulation method
Example
F(w,x,y,z)=∑(4,1,7,6,9,8,11,15,10)

Step 1: group the minterms based on the no. of ‘1’s in them


Group A: single ‘1’: {0001,0100,1000}
Group B: two ‘1’s: {0110,1001,1010}
Group C: three ‘1’s: {0111,1011}
Group D:four ‘1’s: {1111}
Step 1
1 0001
4 0100
8 1000

6 0110
9 1001
10 1010

7 0111
11 1011

15 1111
• Step 2: Any 2 minterm that differ by 1 variable is combined and the
different variable is removed.The minterms of a group is compared
with minterms of immediate next group (this is because 2 term
differing by more than 1 bit cannot match). If 2 matching minterms
are found, a ‘√’ (tick) is place besides them
Step 1 Step 2
1 0001 (1,9) _001
4 0100 (4,6) 01_ 0
8 1000 (8,9) 100_
(8,10) 10_0

6 0110 (6,7) 011_


9 1001 (9,11) 10_1
10 1010 (10,11) 101_

7 0111 (7,15) _111


11 1011 (11,15) 1_11

15 1111
• Step 3:
Terms from step 2 has 3 options. ‘1’ means variable is unprimed, ‘0’
means variable is primed and ‘_’ means variable is not included in the
term.
Now compare terms only if they have ‘_’ in the same position. Once
two term match place a ‘√’ beside each
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
1 0001 √ (1,9) _001 (8,9,10,11) 10_ _
4 0100 √ (4,6) 01_ 0 (8,9,10,11) 10_ _
8 1000 √ (8,9) 100_ √
(8,10) 10_0 √

6 0110 √ (6,7) 011_


9 1001 √ (9,11) 10_1 √
10 1010 √ (10,11) 101_ √

7 0111 √ (7,15) _111


11 1011 √ (11,15) 1_11

15 1111 √
Prime Implicant
• The remaining term ( those without ‘√’) in Step 2 and the terms
from Step 3 are called the prime implcants. These terms are
candidates suitable for forming the simplified form of the
expression
Here prime implicants are:

(1,9) _001 X’Y’Z


(4,6) 01_0 W’XZ’
(6,7) 011_ W’XY
(7,15) _111 XYZ
(11,15) 1_11 WYZ
(8,9,10,11) 10_ _ WX’
• K-MAP using prime implicant shows that it can be further simplified
to
F(w,x,y,z)= X’Y’Z+W’XZ’+XYZ+WX’

To achieve further simplification we need to


find the essential prime implicant and
remove the domination rows and dominated
columns.
Part 2: Selection of prime
implicants- the setup
Optimizing the tabular method
So solution is
F(W,X,Y,Z)= X’Y’Z+W’XZ’+WX’+XYZ

This matched the result from K-MAP!


Example 2
F(a,b,c,d)=∑m(2,5,6,11,12,14,15)+ ∑d(0,3,4)

Note: avoid the don’t care terms in the set-up(optimization) phase.


Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

0 0000 √ (0,2) 00-0 √ (0,2,4,6) 0--0


(0,4) 0-00 √ (0,4,2.6) 0--0

2 0010 √ (2,3) 001- (4,6,12,14) -1-0


4 0100 √ (2,6) 0-10 √ (4,12,6,14) -1-0
(4,5) 010-

(4,6) 01-0 √
(4,12) -100 √

3 0011 √ (3,11) -011


5 0101 √ (6,14) -110 √
6 0110 √ (12,14) 11-0 √
12 1100 √

11 1011 √ (11,15) 1-11


14 1110 √ (14,15) 111-

15 1111 √
Don’t care terms are avoided here.
So solution is
F(W,X,Y,Z)= BD’+A’BC’+ A’D’+ ACD
Try it yourself
• F(w,x,y,z)=∑(0,1,2,8,10,11,14,15)
Solution
Prime implicant optimization
F=w’x’y’+x’z’+wy W’X’Y’ X’Z’ WY
0000 1 1
0001 1
0010 1
1000 1
1010 1 1
1011 1
1110 1
1111 1

All rows have single ‘1’, so all are essential prime implicant hence no further
optimization can be done. Answer is:
F=w’x’y’+x’z’+wy

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