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Presented by:
Sandeep Nagubandi
(06651A0477)
IV/IV ECE
ADAMS ENGINEERING COLLEGE
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In this presentation we are going to study about:-
J Understand what is an embedded systems.
J List the various applications areas in which embedded
systems are used.
J Categorize embedded systems.
J Gain knowledge of architecture of an embedded
systems.
J Understand the requirements of embedded systems.
J Learn about the recent trends in embedded system
development.
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§hey are Omni-present.
§hough embedded systems have been around for many decades,
the last decade of the 20th century has been exciting
developments in this area.
Embedded system are leading to the revolution of anywhere
anytime communication.
Another innovation in the embedded system arena is in the
software development.
Nearly 99% of the processors that are manufactured go into
these embedded systems.
In short embedded systems are re-defining the information,
communication and entertainment technologies.
It is not an exaggeration to say that we are lucky enough to be in
midst of such exciting developments.
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Reliability.
Performance.
Power consumption.
Cost.
Size.
Limited user interface.
Software up gradation capability.
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rased on functionality and performance
requirements ,embedded systems can be
categorized as:
J Stand-alone embedded systems.
J Real-time systems.
J Networked information appliances.
J Mobile devices.
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Stand-alone systems work in stand-alone mode.
§hey take inputs ,process them and produce the
desired outputs.
Embedded systems used in process control,
automobiles, consumer electronics items etc. fall into
this category.
Examples:
digital camera, microwave oven, etc,«.
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Meeting the deadlines is the most important
requirement of real-time systems.
i.e. real-time embedded systems have to complete a
specific task in a specific time period.
Real-time systems are categorized as hard real-time
systems and soft real-time systems.
In hard real-time systems, missing a dead line
may lead to catastrophe.
In soft real-time systems ,meeting the deadline
is important.
rut missing the deadline will not lead to a
catastrophe.
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A networked process control system consists of a
number of embedded systems.
All of them are connected as local area network.
Each embedded system can send real-time data to
a central location.
Where the entire process control system is
monitored.
§he monitoring can be done using a web browser
such as the Internet Explorer.
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è Mobile devices such as mobile phones, PDAs,
smart phone etc. are a special category of
embedded systems.
è PDAs do many genertal-purpose tasks.
è §hey need to be designed just like the
´conventionalµ embedded systems.
è §he limitations of the mobile devices- memory
constrains, small size, lack of good interface.
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Central Processing Unit.
Memory.
Clock Circuitry.
Reset Circuitry.
Chip Select.
Input/output Devices.
Communication Interfaces.
Power Supply Unit.
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a) Architecture of Embedded Systems.
b) Categories of Embedded Systems.
c) Services Provided by an Operating System.
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rased on capabilities, O.S are divided into different categories.
§hey are:-
J Single-tasking OS versus Multi-tasking OS.
J Single-user OS versus Multi-user OS.
J Command ²driven OS versus GUI-based OS.
J Reliability.
J Multi-tasking with time constrains.
J Small footprint.
J Support diskless systems.
J Portability.
J Scalability.
J Support for standard API.
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§ask scheduling.
Context switching.
Mutual exclusion.
Inter task communication.
Memory management.
§imer services.
Kernel.
Device manager.
Communication protocol software.
Libraries.
File system.
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Non-real-time Embedded Operating Systems.
Real-time Operating Systems.
Mobile/Handheld Operating Systems.
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· §o create, suspend and delete tasks.
· §o do task scheduling for meeting real-time requirements.
· §o facilitate inter-task communication and synchronization
between tasks.
· §o initialize, increment and reset counters to keep track of
time.
· §o allocate and free memory.
· §o access the I/O devices.
· §o access the communication protocol stack.
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Consumer appliances.
Office automation.
Industrial automation.
Medical electronics.
Computer networking.
§elecommunications.
Wireless technologies.
Instrumentation.
Security.
Finance.
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Processor Power.
Memory.
Operating Systems.
Communication Interfaces and Networking
Capability.
Programming Languages.
Development §ools.
Programmable Hardware.
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