School of Computing
Science and Engineering
Program: B.Tech Specialization
Course Code: BCSE3092
Course Name: Data Science
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course
ourse Code
Code :: BCSE3092
BCSE3092 Course
Course Name:
Name: Data
Data Science
Science
Course Outcomes :
• CO1 To acquire good introducing knowledge of the essentials in
Statistical
Fundamentals used in Data science.(K1)
• CO2 Develop an ability to apply algorithmic principles and Programing
knowledge
using Python and R language on Data Science .(K2,K3)
• CO3 Develop ability to visualise the data for Analysis. (K4)
• CO4 Apply and Implement ML principles using Probability and Statistics
(K5)
• CO5 Understating and Recommending statistics and Machine learning
solutions (K6)
• CO6 Gaining Research insights and latest solutions provided by
researchers(K6)
Program Name: BCSE3029 Program Code: Data Science
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE3092 Course Name: Data Science
Course Prerequisites
• PYTHON BASICS
• STATISTICS
• LINEAR ALGEBRA
Program Name: BCSE3029 Program Code: Data Science
School of Computing Science and Engineering
Course Code : BCSE3092 Course Name: Data Science
Syllabus
Program Name: BCSE3029 Program Code: Data Science
School
School of
of Computing
Computing Science
Science and
and Engineering
Engineering
C
Course
ourse Code
Code :: BCSE3092
BCSE3092 Course
Course Name:
Name: Data
Data Science
Science
Recommended Books
Text books
Reference Book
Program Name: BCSE3029 Program Code: Data Science
R operators
• R has several operators to perform tasks
including arithmetic, logical and bitwise
operations
• R Arithmetic Operators
• These operators are used to carry out
mathematical operations like addition and
multiplication. Here is a list of arithmetic
operators available in R.
Arithmetic Operators in R
Operator Description
+ Addition
– Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
^ Exponent
%% Modulus (Remainder from division)
%/% Integer Division
• R Relational Operators
• Relational operators are used to compare
between values. Here is a list of relational
operators available in R.
Relational Operators in R
Operator Description
< Less than
> Greater than
<= Less than or equal to
>= Greater than or equal to
== Equal to
!= Not equal to
• The above mentioned operators work on vectors. The
variables used above were in fact single element vectors.
• We can use the c() [as in concatenate] to make vectors in R
• When there is a mismatch in length (number of elements)
of operand vectors, the elements in shorter one is recycled
in a cyclic manner to match the length of the longer one.
• R will issue a warning if the length of the longer vector is
not an integral multiple of the shorter vector.
R Logical operators
Logical operators are used to carry out Boolean
operations like AND , OR etc.
Logical Operators in R
Operator Description
! Logical NOT
& Element-wise logical AND
&& Logical AND
| Element-wise logical OR
|| Logical OR
• R Assignment Operators
• These operators are used to assign values to
variables.
Assignment Operators in R
Operator Description
<-, <<-, = Leftwards assignment
->, ->> Rightwards assignment
• The operators <- and = can be used, almost
interchangeably, to assign to variable in the
same environment.
• The <<- operator is used for assigning to
variables in the parent environments .
• The rightward assignments, although available
are rarely used.
Operator Precedence
• When multiple operators are used in a single
expression, we need to know the precedence
of these operators to figure out the sequence
of operation that will take place.
• Precedence defines the order of execution,
i.e., which operator gets the higher priority.
Operator Associativity
• t is possible to have multiple operators of
same precedence in an expression. In such
case the order of execution is determined
through associativity.
Operator Precedence in R
Operator Description Associativity
^ Exponent Right to Left
-x, +x Unary minus, Unary plus Left to Right
%% Modulus Left to Right
*, / Multiplication, Division Left to Right
+, – Addition, Subtraction Left to Right
<, >, <=, >=, ==, != Comparisions Left to Right
! Logical NOT Left to Right
&, && Logical AND Left to Right
|, || Logical OR Left to Right
->, ->> Rightward assignment Left to Right
<-, <<- Leftward assignment Right to Left
= Leftward assignment Right to Left
R if statement
The syntax of if statement is:
If ( test condition)
{
Statement
}
• R for Loop
Loops are used in programming to repeat a
specific block of code. In this article, you will
learn to create a for loop in R programming.
