Working Drawing
TOPICS
Introduction
Detail drawing
Assembly drawing
Assembly section
Dimensioning
Introduction
DEFINITION
Working drawing is a set of drawing used
during the work of MAKING a product.
Working drawing
Detail Assembly
drawing drawing
DEFINITION
Detail drawing is a multiview representation
of a single part with dimensions and notes.
Assembly drawing is a drawing of various
parts of a machine or structure assembled in
their relative working positions.
PURPOSE
Detail drawing conveys the information
and instructions for manufacturing the part.
Assembly drawing conveys
1. completed shape of the product.
2. overall dimensions.
3. relative position of each part.
4. functional relationship among various
components.
Detail Drawing
INFORMATION IN
DETAIL DRAWING
1. General information Title block
2. Part’ s information
2.1 Shape description
Object’s
2.2 Size description views
2.3 Specifications Notes
PART’ S INFORMATION
Shape Orthographic drawing
Pictorial drawing
Size Dimensions and Tolerances
Specifications Part number, name,
number required
Type of material used
General notes
Heat treatment
Surface finish
General tolerances
RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
Draw one part to one sheet of paper.
If not the case,
- apply enough spacing between parts.
- draw all parts using the same scale.
Otherwise, the scale should be clearly note
under each part’s drawing.
Standard parts such as bolt, nut, pin, bearing
do not require detail drawings.
EXAMPLE : Interpreting detail drawing
1. Orthographic
views
2. Dimensions
& Tolerances
3. Surface
finishing
General note Title block
Assembly Drawing
TYPES OF ASSEMBLY DRAWING
1. Exploded assembly drawings
The parts are separately display, but they are aligned
according to their assembly positions and sequences.
2. General assembly drawings.
All parts are drawn in their working position.
3. Detail assembly drawings
All parts are drawn in their working position with a
completed dimensions.
1. EXPLODED ASSEMBLY
Pictorial
Pictorial representation
representation
Finished product
2. GENERAL ASSEMBLY
3. DETAILED ASSEMBLY
(working-drawing assembly)
PLACING AN INFORMATION
(This course)
- Assembled parts
- Reference numbers
Part list
General notes
Title block
PARTS LIST
• The Parts List is an essential component in
any assembly drawing.
• It is usually drawn on top of the Title Block.
• The parts list must have the same width as t
he title block, i.e 180 mm.
• The height depends on the number of items
to be included.
Parts List
• The following data can be mentioned in the
parts list;
• parts reference number
• name of parts
• number of parts required in an assembly
• material of which parts is manufactured
• edification of the standard of dimension
• drawing number
PARTS LIST
Title Block Combined Width Parts List
The parts list may be placed
in theWIDTH
TITLE BLOCK COMBINED lower right
PARTScorner of
LIST
the drawing.
- Part# 1 is at the bottom.
STEPS TO CREATE
ASSEMBLY DRAWING
1. Analyze geometry and dimensions of all parts
in order to understand the assembly steps and
overall shape of device or machine.
2. Select an appropriate view.
3. Choose major parts, i.e. parts that have
several parts assembled on.
4. Draw a view of major parts according to a
selected viewing direction.
STEPS TO CREATE
ASSEMBLY DRAWING
5. Add detail view of the remaining parts at their
working positions.
6. Apply section technique where relative
positions between adjacent parts are needed
to clarify.
7. Add balloons, notes and dimensions (if any).
8. Create BOM.
GENERAL PRACTICE
The number of views can be one, two, three
or more as needed, but it should be minimum.
A good viewing direction is that represents all
(or most) of the parts assembled in their working
position.
EXAMPLE : Selection of a necessary view
Given
Part A Part B
Student A Student B
Which is an appropriate view for assembly drawing ?
GENERAL PRACTICE
Hidden lines usually omit unless they are
absolutely necessary to illustrate some
important feature that the reader might
otherwise miss.
EXAMPLE : Hidden lines omit or not ?
Part A B
C
Part B
Good Poor
EXAMPLE : Hidden lines omit or not ?
Part A
Part B
Good Poor
EXAMPLE : Hidden lines omit or not ?
Part A
B
Part B
Good Poor
GENERAL PRACTICE
Section technique is usually need to clarify
mating of the parts.
Use different section line styles for adjacent parts.
Correct
Part A
Better
Part B
Color OFF ON
SECTION LINE PRACTICE
Do not draw section lines on sectional view of
standard parts.
- Threaded fastener
- Washer
- (longitudinal cut of) Solid shaft, Pin, Key
EXAMPLE 1 : Assembly steps
1 CLEVIS, Steel, 1 REQD.
2 ARM, Steel, 1 REQD.
3 PIN, Steel, 1 REQD.
EXAMPLE : Section line practice
A
B
Which is an appropriate
full section view of this
assembly ?
Good Poor
Color OFF ON
EXAMPLE 2 : Assembly steps
1 SUPPORT, Steel, 1 REQD.
2 SHAFT, Steel, 1 REQD.
3 TAPER PIN, Steel, 1 REQD.
EXAMPLE : Section line practice
A B
Which is an appropriate C D
full section view of this
assembly ?
Good Poor
Color OFF ON
EXAMPLE 3 : Assembly steps
2 ARM, Steel, 1 REQD.
1 CLEVIS, Steel, 1 REQD. 3 PIN, Steel, 1 REQD.
EXAMPLE : Section line practice
Which is an appropriate Good Poor
section view of the joint ?
Color OFF ON
LEADER LINE PRACTICE
Drawn from the inside of the part to the balloon
and placed a filled circle at the beginning of a line.
Drawn in the oblique direction.
1
2
EXAMPLE
Shaft
Bearing
Cap Cover
screw plate
Housing
INTERPRETING ASSEMBLY
DRAWING
1. Assemble steps.
2. Function of each part in machine.
3. Design concept.
EXAMPLE 1 : Shaft support on a machine housing
Assemble steps
1. Install bearing to the shaft.
2. Install the bearing-shaft unit to
the housing.
3. Install the cover plate.
4. Tighten the screw.
EXAMPLE 1 : Shaft support on a machine housing
Functions of main parts
1. Bearing :
Support the rotating shaft.
2. Cover :
- Control an axial movement.
- Prevent the bearing unit from
rotation.
EXAMPLE 1 : Shaft support on a machine housing
Design concept
Avoid direct contact between
rotating shaft and housing as well
as cover plate by using a bearing
and clearance holes.
EXAMPLE 2 : Leakage prevention unit
Assemble steps
1. Wrap a packing to the shaft.
2. Install studs to the casing.
3. Install the gland ring where its
holes align with stud.
4. Place the washer and
tightening the nut.
Casing
Gland Packing
EXAMPLE 2 : Leakage prevention unit
Function
1. Packing :
- Preventing the leakage of a
fluid inside the casing.
2. Gland :
- Press the packing to make it
radial expand and press the
shaft surface.
Casing
Gland Packing
EXAMPLE 2 : Leakage Prevention Unit
Design concept
Avoid direct contact between
rotating shaft and casing as well
as gland ring’s hole.
Casing
Gland Packing
EXAMPLE 3 : Fixing parts on a shaft.
Assemble steps
1. Place the keys on the
key seats.
2. Insert the parts to the
shaft until their surfaces
lean against the shoulder.
3. Insert collar and then pin
or retaining ring into the
groove.
EXAMPLE 3 : Fixing parts on a shaft.
Function
1. Key :
- Preventing rotational
movement of parts.
2. Pin and retaining ring :
- Prevent axial movement
of parts on the shaft.
EXAMPLE : Fixing parts on a shaft.
Design concept
Retaining ring can resist
lower axial force than collar
& pin unit.
EXAMPLE : Parts with tapered holes on tapered shaft.
Assemble steps
1. Insert the part on the
tapered end of the shaft.
2. Insert the washer
(non-standard).
3. Tightening the nut.
EXAMPLE : Parts with tapered holes on tapered shaft.
Function
1. Washer :
- Improve the distribution
the tightening force on
the part.
EXAMPLE : Parts with tapered holes on tapered shaft.
Design concept
Length of the tapered
portion and depth of the
tapered hole require a
calculation.
EXAMPLE : Parts having preloaded spring
Assemble steps
Spring in
free length 1. Insert the spring into the casing.
2. Tighten the rod to the spring
loader.
3. Close the cap and tighten.
EXAMPLE : Parts having preloaded spring
Function
1. Spring plunger :
- Transmit a force from rod to
spring.
- Keep the spring in a position.
EXAMPLE : Parts having preloaded spring
Design concept
Spring plunger has a spherical
surface contacts to the cap;
therefore, the rod can align itself
to original position.
Nuts and Bolts
Length of bolt Length of thread
Up to and including 125 mm 2d + 6 mm
Over 125 mm and up 200 mm 2d + 12 mm
Over 200 mm 2d + 25 mm
** d is the diameter of the bolt
Example
Electrical Coil Winding Machine
• A pictorial view and details of each compo
nent part of a coil winding machine are sho
wn
• A clip which fastens the wire to the coil for
mer has not been included.
• Draw , full size, either in first or third angl
e projection the following views of the unit
completely assembled.
(i) A sectional FE taken on the cutting pla
ne YY. Shown in body detail Part E.
(ii) A sectional EE taken on the cutting pla
ne XX. Shown in body detail Part E.
(iii) A plan projected from view (i).
Hidden detail is not required in any view.
• Use your own judgment to determine the size
of any dimension not given.
• A dimension shown as M10, for example, sho
uld be understood as
M means metric thread.
10 means diameter of the shaft or hole in mm.
• Make sure that the views are correctly positi
oned and in correct projection before drawing
in any detail.
Put in the following dimensions:
(a) the overall height of the assembled machine;
(b) the length between the outside ends of the coil fo
rmer locking nuts;
(c) the length between the inner faces of the end bear
ing brackets.
Associated Lancashire Schools Examining Board
Electrical Coil Winding Machine
Scaled solution to Fig. Above which shows a sectioned assembly of an electrical coil winding machine.
Exercises
Figure 1 shows a detail from a stationary engi
ne. Draw this detail with the parts assemble
d.
• You may use either first or third angle proje
ction.
• Draw, twice full size:
(a) A sectional FE in the direction of arrow B.
The section should be parallel to the sides o
f the rod and pass through the centre of the
hinge bolt.
(b) A plan in the direction of arrow A and proj
ected from the elevation. Show all hidden d
etail in this view:
(i) the smallest diameter spigot on the bolt sho
uld be shown
2. A sketch and views of a lever bracket are given in Fig. 2. The pin
fits into the hole in the bracket and is held in position by means o
f an M18 hexagon nut.
Draw, full size, the following views of the assembled bracket, includ
ing the nut:
(a) a FE looking in the direction of arrow X ;
(b) a sectional end view on AA looking in the direction of the arrow
s;
(c) a sectional plan on BB looking in the direction of the arrows.
Hidden details need not be shown on the sectional views.
Insert the following four dimensions: (1) the length of the bracket; (2
) the overall height of the bracket; (3) the overall width of the bracke
t; (4) the largest diameter of the pin.
3. Parts of a step-down pulley are shown in Fig. 8. Draw
, full size, the following views of the step-down pulle
y fully assembled:
(a) A sectional FE on the plane XX;
(b) AN EE when viewed in the direction of arrow A;
(c) A plan projected from (a) above and looking in the di
rection of arrow D.
• No dimensions are required on your drawing: (1) radii at
B 12 mm; (2) radii of fillets 6 mm;
• Use your own judgment to determine the size of any dim
ensions not given on the drawing; no hidden details are t
o be shown.
Mating of Parts
POINTS TO CONSIDER
1. Surface finishing
2. Tolerance
- Size
- Geometry
SURFACE FINISHING
Surface finishing means the quality of a surface.
It relates to the level of roughness of a surface.
Purpose
1. To control the accuracy in positioning and
tightness between mating parts.
2. To reduce the friction, especially for the part
moves relative to other parts.
TOLERANCE
Tolerance is the total amount dimension may vary.
It is defined as the difference between the upper
and lower limits.
Purpose
1. To control an interchangeability of parts.
2. To ensures the mating part will have a
desired fit.
