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Introduction to Three-Phase Circuits

This document provides an overview of poly-phase systems and three-phase circuits. It discusses the characteristics of a three-phase circuit including that it consists of three voltage sources 120 degrees out of phase. The document also describes the advantages of a three-phase system and the different connection types including wye-wye, wye-delta, delta-delta, and delta-wye. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate line currents and phase currents for different balanced three-phase connection configurations.

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64 views19 pages

Introduction to Three-Phase Circuits

This document provides an overview of poly-phase systems and three-phase circuits. It discusses the characteristics of a three-phase circuit including that it consists of three voltage sources 120 degrees out of phase. The document also describes the advantages of a three-phase system and the different connection types including wye-wye, wye-delta, delta-delta, and delta-wye. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate line currents and phase currents for different balanced three-phase connection configurations.

Uploaded by

Abcd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Circuit Theory

(ECEG-1081)

Addis Ababa University


Addis Ababa Institute of Technology (AAiT)
School of Electrical & Computer Engineering
Instructor: Awraris Getachew
Chapter Seven
Introduction to Poly-Phase Systems
Outlines

• What is a Three-Phase Circuit?


• Balance Three-Phase Voltages
• Balance Three-Phase Connection

2
What is a Three-Phase Circuit?
 It is a system produced by a generator consisting of
three sources having the same amplitude and
frequency but out of phase with each other by 120°.

Three sources
with 120° out
of phase
Four wired
system

3
What is a Three-Phase Circuit?
Advantages:

1. Most of the electric power is generated and distributed


in three-phase.
2. The instantaneous power in a three-phase system can
be constant.
3. The amount of power, the three-phase system is more
economical that the single-phase.
4. In fact, the amount of wire required for a three-phase
system is less than that required for an equivalent
single-phase system.

4
Balanced Three-Phase Voltages
 A three-phase generator consists of a rotating
magnet (rotor) surrounded by a stationary
winding (stator).
 As the rotor rotates, its magnetic field “cuts” the
flux from the three coils and induces voltages in
the coils.

A three-phase generator The generated voltages


5
Balanced Three-Phase Voltages
The voltage sources can be either wye-connected or
delta-connected

Three-phase voltage sources: (a) Y-connected ; (b) Δ-connected


6
Balanced Three-Phase Voltages
 Balanced phase voltages are equal in
magnitude and are out of phase with each other
by 120°.
 The phase sequence is the time order in which
the voltages pass through their respective
maximum values.(abc and acb sequence)

 A balanced load is one in which the phase


impedances are equal in magnitude and in phase

7
Balanced Three-Phase Voltages
Example 1
Determine the phase sequence of the set of
voltages.

van  200 cos(t  10)


vbn  200 cos(t  230)
vcn  200 cos(t  110 )

8
Balanced Three-Phase Voltages
Solution:
  
The voltages can be expressed in phasor form as

Van  20010 V
Vbn  200  230 V
Vcn  200  110  V

We notice that leads by and in turn leads by


120°.
Hence, we have an acb sequence.
9
Balanced Three-Phase Connection
• Since both the three-phase source and the three-phase
load can be either wye- or delta-connected, we have four
possible connections:

Four possible connections


1. Y-Y connection (Y-connected source with a Y-connected
load)
2. Y-Δ connection (Y-connected source with a Δ-connected
load)
3. Δ-Δ connection
4. Δ-Y connection
10
Balanced Three-Phase Connection
 A balanced Y-Y system is a three-phase system with
a balanced y-connected source and a balanced y-
connected load.

VL  3V p , where
V p  Van  Vbn  Vcn
VL  Vab  Vbc  Vca

11
Balanced Three-Phase Connection
Example 2
Calculate the line currents in the three-wire Y-Y
system shown below:

Answer
I a  6.81  21.8 A
I b  6.81  141.8 A
I c  6.8198.2 A

12
Balanced Three-Phase Connection
A balanced Y-Δ system is a three-phase system with a
balanced y-connected source and a balanced Δ-connected
load.

I L  3I p , where
I L  I a  Ib  Ic
I p  I AB  I BC  I CA

 Balanced Y- connection
13
Balanced Three-Phase Connection
Example 3
A balanced abc-sequence Y-connected source with
Van ( 10010 ) is connected to a Δ-connected load
(8+j4) per phase. Calculate the phase and line currents.

Solution

Using single-phase
Van 100analysis,
10
Ia    33.54  16.57 A
Z  / 3 2.98126.57
  =

**Other line currents are obtained using the abc phase sequence
14
Balanced Three-Phase Connection
A balanced Δ-Δ system is a three-phase system with a
balanced Δ -connected source and a balanced Δ -connected
load.

 A balanced connection

15
Balanced Three-Phase Connection
Example 4
A balanced Δ-connected load having an impedance 20-j15
 is connected to a Δ-connected positive-sequence
generator having ( ). Calculate the phase
 330
Vaband
currents of the load the0line
 V currents.
Ans:

The phase currents


I AB  13.236.87 A; I BC  13.2  83.13 A; I AB  13.2156.87 A

The line currents


I a  22.866.87 A; I b  22.86  113 .13 A; I c  22.86126.87 A

16
Balanced Three-Phase Connection
A balanced Δ-Y system is a three-phase system with a
balanced y-connected source and a balanced y-connected
load.

A balanced Δ-Y system

17
18
Thank
You!!!
19

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