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Overview of Process Capability Studies

This document discusses process capability studies which analyze a process's ability to meet design specifications. It has three components: design specifications, centering of natural variation, and range of variation. Process capability studies determine if a process is centered correctly, how much variability exists, what proportion of output will meet specifications, and what factors contribute to variability. They are conducted to establish performance baselines, prioritize quality improvements, and evaluate new equipment or suppliers. The document defines various process capability ratios used to analyze a process's performance relative to specifications.

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Rohit Kingre
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166 views11 pages

Overview of Process Capability Studies

This document discusses process capability studies which analyze a process's ability to meet design specifications. It has three components: design specifications, centering of natural variation, and range of variation. Process capability studies determine if a process is centered correctly, how much variability exists, what proportion of output will meet specifications, and what factors contribute to variability. They are conducted to establish performance baselines, prioritize quality improvements, and evaluate new equipment or suppliers. The document defines various process capability ratios used to analyze a process's performance relative to specifications.

Uploaded by

Rohit Kingre
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Process Capability studies

Prepared by Rahul N Dalvi


Process capability
• Ability of the process to meet the design
specifications for a product or service.
• It makes sense if all the special or assignable
causes of variation have been eliminated and
the process is in a state of statistical control.
• It has three components  Design
specifications, centering of the natural
variation , Range or spread of the variation.
4 possible outcomes of Natural
Variation v/s Specification.
• Specification > Natural variation
• Specification = Natural variation
• Specification < Natural variation
• Specification = Natural variation but both lies
on opposite sides.
Process capability studies
• A process capability study is a carefully
planned study designed to yield specific info.
about the performance of a process under
specified operating conditions.
• Also defined statistically as “ minimum spread
of a specific measurement variation which will
include 99.7% of measurements from the
given process” .
Process capability studies
• Where is the process centred?
• How much variability exists in the process ?
• Is the performance relative to the
specifications acceptable?
• What proportion of output will be expected to
meet specifications?
• What factors contribute to variability ?
Reasons for conducting a process
capability study
• Manufacturer may wish to determine a
performance baseline for a process.
• To prioritize projects for quality improvement.
• To provide statistical evidence of quality for
customers .
• To evaluate a new equipment by the
purchasing department.
Reasons for conducting a process
capability study
• To compare different suppliers by the
purchasing department.
• To evaluate new processes.
Types of process capability study
• Peak performance study  how process
performs under ideal conditions.
• Process characterization study  how process
performs under actual operating conditions
• Component variability study  Determines
relative contribution of different sources of
total variation.
Process capability Ratio
• 6sigma = 6R
d2
• R = Range
• D2  constant depends on sample size
• Sigma = standard deviation
Process capability Ratio
• Cp = UTL-LTL
6sigma
• UTL = Upper tolerance Limit
• LTL = Lower Tolerance Limit
• Sigma= S.D. of the process.
• If Cp < 1.0 , it indicates a particular process is not
capable of consistently meeting design specifications.
• If Cp> 1.0, it indicates particular process is not capable
of consistently meeting design specifications.
Upper & lower capability indices
• If only one specification limit is given then
• CPU or Cpu = USL –u
3sigma
• LPU or Cpl = u-LSL
3 sigma
• Cpk = min {(USL –u)/3sigma , (u-LSL)/3 sigma }
• Cp process potential, Cpk  actual capability of the
process.

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