CGD NETWORK
CGD
City gas distribution is an interconnected network of pipelines
used for the distribution of gas to domestic / commercial/
industrial consumers .
It is in the form of PNG (low pressure distribution network)
and to the automobiles in the form of CNG (high pressure
distribution network).
CGD
The City Gas Distribution system consists of underground
pipeline distribution network inside the city to supply natural
gas to different consumers for varied applications
General Description of CGD
Objective :Delivery of natural gas to different sectors.
City Gate station : Depressurization, metering odorisation.
Pipeline quality natural gas
Leak Management system
Construction & Management activities
CGD
Regulating stations:
Regulating stations contain equipment for pressure regulation and
for quick switching off of gas supply with associated pipes
Operations & maintenance inspection.
Repair activities.
Training.
CGD- Line Diagram
City gas station
District Regulating Stations
Purpose : to reduce pressure from 4 bar to 100mbar.
100 mbar for residential district.
Challenges In CGD
Transportation Sector
CNG : (compressed natural gas) has a Research Octane
Number in excess of 120. The excellent knock resisting
property of CNG allows for use of a higher compression
ratio resulting in an increased power output and greater fuel
economy when compared to petrol.
CNG can be used in engines with a compression ratio as high
as 12:1 compared to normal gasoline (7.5:1 to 10:1). At this
high compression ratio, natural gas-fuelled engines have
higher thermal efficiencies than those fuelled by gasoline.
Transportation Sector
The fuel efficiency of CNG driven engines is about 10-
20% better than diesel engines.
Pressure of CNG used for vehicles is 250 bars.
Cheapest & Cleanest
CNG Infrastructure
Mother Station:
A CNG station provided with whole set up (compressors,
dispensers, cascade etc) along with a LCV filling point is
known as a mother a CNG station.
Refueling facilities with access to a continuous supply of
natural gas from a pipeline are often referred to as
Mother Station
Mother Station
Major Equipments:
Compressors
Dryers
Storage
Controls
Dispensers
Valves & fittings
Mother station
Mother Station
Daughter Station
Daughter stations are established in those areas where laying a
pipeline is not possible. In that case gas is delivered from mother
station to daughter station; via mobile cascade van. The gas from
mother station is filled in mobile cascade by a LCV filling point.
Mother or pipeline stations can also act as fuel suppliers to other
stations not connected to the pipeline. These other sub stations,
often called daughter stations.
Cascade Storage System
High Pressure -5 Cylinders
Medium Pressure-11 Cylinders
Low Pressure- 24 Cylinders.
Stationary Cascade
Mobile Cascade.
Cascade Systems
Online Station
This CNG station has same set up as a mother station but LCV
connection is not provided for filling.
Mother Stations
Mother Station Fuel Transfer Point
Benefits of CNG
Environmental
No impurities, No Sulphur (S), No lead (Pb)
Very low levels of polluting gaseous emissions without smell and dust
Technical
• Very high antiknock power (more than 120 ON) allows greater
performance compared to petrol one.
• Does not require refining plant or additive adding and can be used
immediately after its extraction.
• It has no evaporation leaks and spills of fuel, both during refueling
and feeding of the car.
• Its combustion produces a very low quantity of carbon deposits (permits a
longer life of lubricant oil, spark plug, piston drum, valves & other
components)
Safety
Lighter than air - in case of leak no dangerous puddles
Unlikely to ignite due to:
High ignition temperature (high auto-ignition temperature, 540
oC)
Narrow range of ignition (5-15% flammability)
Lowest injury and death rate per vehicle mile
CNG cylinders structurally most sound and have passed every
severe test
Economy
Cheaper than conventional fuel.
Pay back period is short
Disadvantage
Large storage space required.
Gas Infrastructure.
PNG(Piped Natural Gas)
Main difference between CNG and PNG is; natural gas operated at
high pressure about 250 bar as a vehicular fuel is called CNG ; where
as when the natural gas with same composition is operated at low
pressure below 4 bar for domestic , commercial and industrial
purposes is known as PNG.
PNG is supplied by using polyethylene pipeline and copper pipelines.
PNG has several distinctions to its credit- of being a pollution-free
fuel, easily accessible, and being available at very competitive rates.
Benefits of PNG
Uninterrupted Supply
Unmatched Convenience
Safety
Customer Support
A Versatile Fuel
Environment Friendly
No Spillage
Lower Maintenance Cost
Design of Gas Network
High Pressure Network
Distribution Network
Customer Installations
CGD in India
Pressure Range in CGD
Safety Distance
Pipe Material:
PE for distribution
Steel for transmission.
Jointing of pipes
Jointing of pipes:
Welding
Butt welding
Butt Fusion
Corrosion Resistance
PE: No special requirement for corrosion
Steel Pipes
Protective surface coating
Electrochemical protection
Cathodic protection.
