JNTUH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING MANTHANI
PANNUR(VILL),RAMAGIRI(M)
TELANGANA,INDIA-505212
2018-2022
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
BUS BAR SCHEMES
Under Guidance Of: Submitted By:
Mr. S. Ranjith V. Sai Priya (18VD1A0241)
Assistant Professor (C) E. Pooja (18VD1A0234)
P. Venkat Reddy (18VD1A0256)
D. Sneha (18VD1A0249)
M. Kavya (18VD1A0224)
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
WHY BUS BAR?
TYPES OF BUS BAR SCHEMES
• BASED ON SHAPE
• BASED ON ARRANGEMENT
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
An electrical bus bar is defined as a conductor or group of conductors used for
collecting electrical power from the incoming feeders and distribute them to the
outgoing feeders
Remember KCL, which states that sum of currents entering a node is equal to
sum of currents leaving the node
Bus bar is basically the practical example of that node
Incoming currents
node
i1 i2
i1 i6
i2 i4 i6
i5 Outgoing currents
i3 i3
i4 i5
Bus bar i2
i1 +i2 =i3 +i4 +i5 +i6 i1
i3 i4 i6
i5
WHY BUS BAR ?
Bus bar is required to connect multiple feeders together
Feeders stands for both incomer feeders (source of power) and outgoing feeders
(consumers of power/load)
TYPES OF BUS BARS
Based on shape Based on arrangement
Rectangular bar Single bus bar
(generally installed in switchgear panels) Single bus bar with bus sectionalized
Main and transfer bus bar
Pipe shaped (tube bar) Double bus bar
ACSR Double bus bar and transfer bus bar
(aluminium conductor Steel reinforced) Ring bus bar
AAC (all aluminium conductor)
Mesh bus bar
One and half circuit breaker
Double bus double breaker scheme
1. SINGLE BUS BAR
As the name implies this configuration consists of all circuits connected to a single
bus bar
ADVANTAGES
This is very simple to design
This is very cost efficient scheme
This is very convenient to operate
Configuration requires less installation
It can be easily expanded
DISADVANTAGES
Bus or any circuit breaker result schedule of entire single busbar
Difficulty to do any maintenance
Maintenance of any circuit breaker requires shut down of corresponding circuit
[Link] BUS BAR WITH BUS
SECTIONALISATION
In this scheme, the main bus is
sectionalized by a bus coupler breaker &
two nos. isolators by which the main bus
bar can be done separately as when
required. The shutdown of one portion of
the busbar can be taken for any
maintenance work purpose. It is shown in
the fig.
ADVANTAGES
The operation of this system is a simple as that of the single busbar system.
Maintenance cost is low.
DISADVANTAGES
The main disadvantage, when a circuit breaker of any circuit of this system fails,
power can not be given the said circuit until rectification of the circuit breaker.
For regular maintenance work at busbar, one of half busbar is required to be de-
energized, hence feeders & transformer of that portion will be kept in off
condition.
3. MAIN &TRANSFER BUS BAR
This is technically a single bus bar
arrangement with an additional bus bar
called transfer bus energized from main
bus bar through a bus couple circuit i.e
for a n number of circuits it employees
(n+1) circuit breakers
Each circuit is connected to the main
bus pass through a circuit breaker with
isolators on both sides and prove and
isolator to the transfer bus bar
ADVANTAGES
The whole of the load is transferred to the transfer bus bar when maintenance or
repair are being done on the main bus bar
In this bus bar arrangement bus potential can be used for relays
In this scheme the maintenance cost of substation decreases
In case of any faulty in any busbar the outgoing circuit may be transferred to the
another transfer bus
DISADVANTAGES
The bus maintained or expanded by transferring all of the circuits to the transfer
bus depending upon the remote backup relays and breakers
4. DOUBLE BUS BAR
In double bus bar system two identical bus
bars are used in such a way that any
outgoing or incoming feeders can be taken
from any of the bus
Actually every feeder is connected to both
of the bases in parallel through individual
isolator
There is one bus complex breaker which
should be kept close during bus transfer
operation
ADVANTAGES
Double bus bar arrangement increases the flexibility of system
Double bus bar scheme with bypass isolator across circuit breakers is very suitable
for large generating stations as well as large grid substations
DISADVANTAGES
The arrangement doesn't permit breaker maintenance without interruption
High maintenance cost
When a fault occurs on the system to breakers are to be opened which leads to
complication in relaying system
5. DOUBLE MAIN &TRANSFER BUS BAR
Double bus system with bypass isolators is
the combination of the double bus system
and main and transfer bus system. Here the
feeders are connected to both the buses with
the help of isolators during fault conditions
loads can be transferred to the healthy bus
by closing isolators of feeders associated to
healthy bus and opening isolators of feeders
associated to the faulty bus.
ADVANTAGES
It permits breaker maintenance without interruption of power which is not
possible in double bus system but it provides all the advantages of double bus
system.
DISADVANTAGES
It however requires one additional isolator (bypass isolator) for each feeder
circuit and introduces slight complication in system layout.
6. RING BUS BAR
In such type of arrangement, the end of the bus bar is connected back to the
starting point of the bus to form a ring.
ADVANTAGES
Such type of arrangement will provide two paths for the supply. Thus the fault
will not affect their working.
The fault is localized for the particular section. Hence the complete circuit is not
affected by the fault.
In this arrangement, a circuit breaker can be maintained without interrupting the
supply
DISADVANTAGES
Difficulties occur in the addition of new circuit.
Overloading occurs on the system if any of the circuit breakers is opened.
[Link] BUS BAR
In such type of arrangement, the circuit breakers
are installed in the mesh formed by the buses. The
circuit is tapped from the node point of the mesh.
Such type of bus arrangement is controlled by
four circuit breakers.
When a fault occurs on any section, two circuit
breakers have to open, resulting in the opening of
the mesh. Such type of arrangement provides
security against bus-bar fault but lacks switching
facility. It is preferred for substations having a
large number of circuits.
ADVANTAGES
Provides protection against the fault.
For substations having a large number of circuits, this arrangement is suitable.
DISADVANTAGES
It doesn't provide switching facility.
Not suitable for all type of substations.
[Link] & HALF CIRCUIT BREAKER
In this arrangement, three circuit
breakers are required for two
circuits. The each circuit of the
bus bar uses the one and a half
circuit breaker. Such type of
arrangement is preferred in large
stations where power handled per
circuit is large.
ADVANTAGES
It protects the arrangement against the loss of supply.
The potential of the bus bar is used for operating the relay.
In such type of arrangement, the additional circuits are easily added to the
system.
DISADVANTAGES
The circuit becomes complicated because of the relaying system.
Their maintenance cost is very high.
[Link] BUS DOUBLE BREAKER
SCHEME
In this scheme, the double breaker is used in each
circuit and each circuit is connected to both bus
bars i.e busbar-1 & bus bar - 2. Although such a
scheme is very costly, yet it affords the best
maintenance facilities for the circuit breakers.
Thus, when one of the circuit breakers is being
opened for repairs and usual checks, the load can
be shifted on the other circuit breaker easily.
ADVANTAGES
It has the maximum flexibility and reliability. Any fault and maintenance of one
circuit breaker, power can be feed easily through another circuit breaker.
DISADVANTAGES
It is the costliest bus arrangement.
Maintenance costs are high as compare to other bus bar arrangement.
CONCLUSION
After studied of the entire scheme, we conclude that the selections of busbar
arrangement for power system network is strongly depending on following primary
consideration are:
Bus bar arrangement should be simple.
The maintenance should be possible without interruption of supply.
The layout should accommodate the future expansion with increase in load
demand.
It should be economical one in view of reliability and continuity of supply.
