DIPTERA
Parasitology Department
Spot Quiz:
Please write classification of insects
( 3 minutes)
Classification
ARTHROPOD
CRUSTACEA IN S E C T A ONYCH OPH ORA M Y R IA P O D A A R A C H N ID A
APTERYGOTA PTERYGOTA
ORTHOPTERA ANOPLURA D IP T E R A H E M IP T E R A S IP H O N A P T E R A H Y M E N O P T E R A
NEMATOCERA BRACH YCERA CYCLORRAPHA
P H L E B O T O M IN A E T A B IN A D A E M U S C ID A E
S IM U L IID A E C A L L IP H O R ID A E
C E R A T O P O G O N ID A E S A R C O P H A G ID A E
C U L IC ID A E Oestridae
Order: DIPTERA
>50,000 species, worldwide
Adult: 1 pair of wings
The other pair: halters
All members undergo complete metamorphosis
Some are vectors, e.g. malaria, dengue
Some cause irritation & annoyance e.g. biting
flies
Some larvae are parasitic e,g. myiasis
Suborder: NEMATOCERA
There are 4 family in suborder Nematocera:
Psychodidae
Simuliidae
Ceratopogonidae
Culicidae
Psychodidae (Phlebotomus sp.)
- This fly is commonly known as sand fly
- Only females are bloodsuckers and feeding on
raisins
- Males suck moisture from any available
source and sweat from humans.
- Active only at night
Morphology:
- This fly is small, hairy, delicately proportioned
fly about 2-3 mm.
- Its color is a light yellow or grey with large
conspicuous dark eyes.
Psychodidae (Phlebotomus sp.)
Adult sand flies are weak fliers and are discouraged from activity
by air currents.
Commonly rest in protected places, such as rodent and armadillo
burrows.
Breeding places are under stones, poultry houses, hollow trees, etc.,
in situations combining darkness and humidity.
The medical important of sand flies are vectors for transmission of:
visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) due to Leishmania donovani
cutaneous leishmaniasis (Oriental sore) due to Leishmania tropica
sandfly fever due to infectious fly biting or transovarial containing
virus
Carrion’s disease (Bartonellosis) due to bartonella bacilliformis
Transmission of Kala-azar
Sand fly - another
indigenous blood sucking
insect Bangladeshi- admitted in
Dermatology of HKL
Bangladeshi with Post Kala-azar Leishmania donovani isolated
Dermal Leishmanoid from the Bangladeshi with PKDL
Simuliidae (Simulium)
This fly is commonly known as
black fly or buffalo fly
Males and females both feed on
plant juices but only the females
suck blood.
This fly only attacks the host
during the hours of day light and
are not nocturnal feeders
The larvae are found only in
running water.
Simuliidae (Simulium)
Morphology:
This fly is small (1-5 mm long), with mouth parts
bladelike, stout-bodied and variable in color; may be
gray or even predominantly yellow; not same with its
name “black fly”.
The medical important of Simulium:
Intermediate host filarial worm “Onchocerca
volvulus” can cause onchocerciasis (River blindness)
Allergic because of its biting
Mechanical vector of Tularemia
Ceratopogonidae (Culicoides)
This fly is commonly known as “biting midges”.
This fly is the smallest of the blood-sucking flies
The breeding places are surface of mud, moist soil or
dung, fresh or salt water, tree holes, decaying plant
materials such as cactus, banana stems, etc.
This fly is outdoor biters and attacks their hosts
particularly in the early morning or late afternoon.
The characteristics are: very small (1-2 mm in
length), black or dark brown flies with stout bodies,
Ceratopogonidae (Culicoides)
The medical important of
Culicoides:
Biting nuisance (Allergy)
Intermediate host of filarial
worm “Mansonella perstans ”
