Digital Logic Design

Online Class For Department of IT I Year II semester

Academic Year 2020-21

By:
[Link]
Assistant Professor
Dept of ECE, VVIT
 Syllabus Outline
 Unit-1: Digital Systems and Binary Numbers
 Unit-2: Concept of Boolean Algebra
 Unit-3: Combinational Logic
 Unit-4: Synchronous Sequential Logic
 Unit-5: Registers and Counters
 Text Books

1. Digital Design by Mano, PHI

2. Modern Digital Electronics by RP Jain, TMH
3. Switching Theory and Logic Design by A. Anand Kumar, PHI.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Switching Theory and Logic Design by Hill and Peterson Mc-Graw Hill
TMH edition
2. Fundamentals of Logic Design by Charles H. Roth Jr, Jaico Publishers
 Digital Vs. Analog
Two ways of representing the numerical values of quantities :
• Analog (continuous): A quantity represented by voltage, current or
meter movement that is proportional to the value of that quantity.
• Digital (discrete): The quantities are represented not by proportional
quantities but by symbols called digits(0/1).
 UNIT -1

Digital Systems and Binary Numbers

NUMBER SYSTEMS
 Number Systems
What is Number System?
 Number system is a basis for counting various items. Modern
computers communicate and operate with binary numbers
which use only the digits 0 &1. Basic number system used by
humans is Decimal number system
E.g. 1KG Rice, 5 Liter Oil, 2 Pens,..
 Number Systems
 Inside today’s computers, data is represented as 1’s and 0’s.

 These 1’s and 0’s might be stored magnetically on a disk, or as a state in a transistor,
or vacuum tube.

 To perform useful operations on these 1’s and 0’s one have to organize them
together into patterns that make up codes.
 Types of Number System
There are various types of number system in mathematics. The four
most common number system types are:
• Decimal number system (Base- 10)
• Binary number system (Base- 2)
• Octal number system (Base-8)
• Hexadecimal number system (Base- 16)
 Number systems

Range of Numbers:

 Decimal Numbers : 0-9

 Binary Numbers :0–1

 Octal Numbers :0–7

 Hexadecimal Numbers : 0 – 15 i.e. (0 – 9, A – F)

 Decimal Number System
• No of symbols = 10
• Symbols are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
• Radix (r) or base(b) = 10
• Decimal system weight is expressed as powers of 10
• E.g.
Decimal Number System
 Binary number system:
• No of symbols = 2
• Symbols are 0,1
• Radix (r) or base(b) = 2
• binary system weight is expressed as powers of 2
• E.g.
Binary number system:
 Octal number System
• No of symbols = 8
• Symbols are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
• Radix (r) or base(b) = 8
• Octal number system weight is expressed as powers of 8
• E.g.
 Hexa Decimal number System
• No of symbols = 16
• Symbols are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,F where
(A=10,B=11,C=12,D=13,E=14,F=15)
• Radix (r) or base(b) = 16
• Hexa Decimal system weight is expressed as powers of 16
• E.g.
 Can u Recognize Number System
1. (123.95)
2. (1011.011011)
3. (1011.102)
4. (777)
5. ([Link])
 Can u Recognize Number System
1. (123.95) = Decimal or Hexa Decimal ,radix = 10 or 16
2. (1011.011011)
3. (1011.102)
4. (777)
5. ([Link])
 Can u Recognize Number System
1. (123.95) = Decimal or Hexa Decimal ,radix = 10 or 16
2. (1011.011011) = Binary , radix = 2
3. (1011.102)
4. (777)
5. ([Link])
 Can u Recognize Number System
1. (123.95) = Decimal or Hexa Decimal ,radix = 10 or 16
2. (1011.011011) = Binary , radix = 2
3. (1011.102) = Decimal, Octal or Hexa decimal
4. (777)
5. ([Link])
 Can u Recognize Number System
1. (123.95) = Decimal or Hexa Decimal ,radix = 10 or 16
2. (1011.011011) = Binary , radix = 2
3. (1011.102) = Decimal, Octal or Hexa decimal
4. (777) = Decimal, Octal, Hexa decimal
5. ([Link])
 Can u Recognize Number System
1. (123.95) = Decimal or Hexa Decimal ,radix = 10 or 16
2. (1011.011011) = Binary , radix = 2
3. (1011.102) = Decimal, Octal or Hexa decimal
4. (777) = Decimal, Octal, Hexa decimal
5. ([Link]) = Hexa Decimal
Number System with different radix:
Number Conversions
 Number Conversions
• Any base to Decimal number system conversion
• We use weighted Multiplication method
 Binary to Decimal conversion
• Convert (1010)2 to ( )10
 Binary to Decimal conversion
• (1010)2 ( 10 )10
 Binary to Decimal conversion
• Convert (0.1011)2 to ( )10
 Binary to Decimal conversion
• (0.1011)2  ( 0.6875 )10
 Binary to Decimal conversion

• Convert (10101.1012 ) to ( )10

 Binary to Decimal conversion

• Convert (1010.01 )2 to ( )10

 Binary to Decimal conversion

• Convert (1010.01 )2 to ( )10

 Octal to Decimal conversion
• Convert (123)8 to ( )10
 Octal to Decimal conversion
• Convert (172)8 to ( )10
 Octal to Decimal conversion
• Convert (245.37)8 to (165.484375 )10
Hexa Decimal to Decimal conversion
Hexa Decimal to Decimal conversion
 Decimal to Binary conversion
 To convert a decimal integer into binary, keep dividing by 2 until the quotient is 0.
Collect the remainders in reverse order.

 To convert a fraction, keep multiplying the fractional part by 2 until it becomes 0.

Collect the integer parts in forward order.
 Decimal to Binary conversion
EX.1)Convert 2110 binary number ?
Perform Successive Division as follows
2 21

10 1
 Decimal to Binary conversion
EX.1)Convert 2110 binary number ?
Perform Successive Division as follows
2 21

2 10 1

5 0
 Decimal to Binary conversion
EX.1)Convert 2110 binary number ?
Perform Successive Division as follows
2 21

2 10 1

5 0
2

2 1
 Decimal to Binary conversion
EX.1)Convert 2110 binary number ?
Perform Successive Division as follows
2 21

2 10 1

5 0
2

2 2 1

1 0
 Decimal to Binary conversion
EX.)Convert 2110 binary number ?
Perform Successive Division as follows
2 21

2 10 1

5 0
2

2 2 1

1 0

2110=101012
 Decimal to Binary conversion
• EX.)Convert 0.62510 binary number ?

0.625 * 2 = 1.250 1
 Decimal to Binary conversion
• EX.)Convert 0.62510 binary number ?

0.625 * 2 = 1.250 1

0
0.250 * 2 = 0.500
 Decimal to Binary conversion
• EX.)Convert 0.62510 binary number ?

0.625 * 2 = 1.250 1

0
0.250 * 2 = 0.500

0.500 * 2 = 1.0 1
 Decimal to Binary conversion
• EX.)Convert 0.62510 binary number ?

0.625 * 2 = 1.250 1

0
0.250 * 2 = 0.500

0.500 * 2 = 1.0 1
 Decimal to Binary conversion
• EX.)Convert 0.62510 binary number ?

0.625 * 2 = 1.250 1

0
0.250 * 2 = 0.500

0.500 * 2 = 1.0 1

0.62510 = 0.1012
 Decimal to Binary conversion

• Convert 21.62510 binary number ?

21.62510=10101.1012
 Decimal to octal conversion
• Convert 378.9310 octal number ?
8 378

47 2
 Decimal to octal conversion
• Convert 378.9310 octal number ?
8 378

8 47 2

5
 Decimal to octal conversion
• Convert 378.9310 octal number ?
8 378

8 47 2

5 7
 Decimal to octal conversion
• Convert 378.9310 octal number ?
8 378

8 47 2

5 7

(378 )10 (572)8

 Decimal to octal conversion
Convert 378.9310 octal number ?
• Consider fractional part = 0.98 and perform successive multiplication

0.93*8=7.44 7
 Decimal to octal conversion
Convert 378.9310 octal number ?
• Consider fractional part = 0.98 and perform successive multiplication

0.93*8=7.44 7
0.44*8=3.52 3
 Decimal to octal conversion
Convert 378.9310 octal number ?
• Consider fractional part = 0.98 and perform successive multiplication

0.93*8=7.44 7
0.44*8=3.52 3
0.16*8=1.28 1
 Decimal to octal conversion
Convert 378.9310 octal number ?
• Consider fractional part = 0.98 and perform successive multiplication

0.93*8=7.44 7
0.44*8=3.52 3
0.16*8=1.28 1
0.28*8=2.24 2

(0.98)10 = (0.7312)8
 Decimal to octal conversion
Convert 378.9310 octal number ?

If we combine both Integer & fractional parts we get

378.9310=572.734128
 Exercise
• Convert Decimal 5497 to Binary and octal and Hexadecimal?

• Try to solve this

 Exercise
• Convert Decimal 5497 to Binary and octal?
• (5497)10  1010101111001 2

• 5497 10  12571 8  1579 16

Decimal To Hexadecimal Conversion:
EX. Convert 2598.67510 Hexadecimal number ?
Successive Division Remainder

16 2598
16 162 6

16 10 2

0 10

259810=A2616
Cont…
EX. Convert 2598.67510 Hexadecimal number ?

Fractional Part 0.675

0.675*16=10.8 10

0.8*16=12.8 12

0.8*16=12.8 12

2598.67510=A26.ACC16
How many bits are required for representing 3 in binary ?

How many bits are required for representing 7 in binary ?

How many bits are required for representing 10 in binary ?

How many bits are required for representing 15 in binary ?

 Binary To Octal Conversion:

EX.1)Convert 1101012 to Octal ? 4 2 1 DEC

0 0 0 0
Ans)Given binary no is 1101012 0 0 1 1

0 1 0 2
NOTE: Arrange the 3 bits in one group.
0 1 1 3

1 0 0 4

1 0 1 5
1101012 1 1 0 6

1 1 1 7

1101012=65 8
 Binary To Octal Conversion:

4 2 1 DE
C

Ex. Convert 110101.01112 to Octal ? 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 1

Ans)Given binary no is 110101.01112 0 1 0 2

0 1 1 3
NOTE: Arrange the 3 bits in one group. 1 0 0 4
1 0 1 5
1 1 0 6

1 1 0 1 0 1.0 1 1 1002 1 1 1 7

110101.0111002=65.348
 Binary To Hexadecimal Conversion:
8 4 2 1 DEC
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 1
EX.1)Convert 110101112 to Hexadecimal ? 0 0 1 0 2

Ans)Given binary no is 110101112 0 0 1 1 3

0 1 0 0 4
Note: Arrange the 4 bits in one group. 0 1 0 1 5
0 1 1 0 6
0 1 1 1 7
1 0 0 0 8
1101 0111 2 1 0 0 1 9
1 0 1 0 A
1 0 1 1 B
1101012=D7 16 1 1 0 0 C
1 1 0 1 D
1 1 1 0 E
1 1 1 1 F
 Binary To Hexadecimal Conversion:
8 4 2 1 DEC
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 1
EX.2)Convert 11010111.112 to Hexadecimal ? 0 0 1 0 2

Ans)Given binary no is 110101.112 0 0 1 1 3

0 1 0 0 4
Note: Arrange the 4 bits in one group. 0 1 0 1 5
0 1 1 0 6
0 1 1 1 7
1 0 0 0 8
1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 .1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 9
1 0 1 0 A
1 0 1 1 B
1101012=D7.C16 1 1 0 0 C
1 1 0 1 D
1 1 1 0 E
1 1 1 1 F
• Decimal to binary • Octal to decimal
• Decimal to octal • Octal to binary
• Decimal to • Octal to
hexadecimal hexadecimal
• Binary to decimal • Hexadecimal to
• Binary to octal decimal
• Binary to • Hexadecimal to
hexadecimal octal
• Hexadecimal to