LESSON 5
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
a. Define Paraphrasing
b. The importance of paraphrasing
c. Construct a text and paraphrase it using one’s own words
What is paraphrasing?
•A rewriting of text in your own words
•Used to clarify meaning
•Used to shorten a longer statement but keeps
the main ideas
•A way to enhance vocabulary
PARAPHRASE
Is a restatement of a passage’s ideas in your own
words. The author’s meaning is retained, but your
wording, not the author’s, is used.
Why is paraphrasing important?
• To avoid Plagiarism –
• So, what is plagiarism?
• Copying someone else’s words and/or ideas without
giving credit to the author.
• It is a serious offence in the academic world. For more
information on plagiarism, click on the link below
http://www.eduinreview.com/blog/2008/11/10-good-
reasons-to-never-ever-plagiarize-a-college-paper/
Steps to paraphrase
•Read the passage carefully
•Decide the main ideas of the passage
•Highlight important words or phrases
•Put the main points in your own words
Guidelines for Paraphrasing
1. Change the structure or order of the sentence and/or
paragraph.
Students seem to be under serious stress because they have so much
homework.
Since they have so much homework, students seem to be under
serious stress.
2. Find appropriate synonyms.
student = pupil, learner serious = severe
homework = assignments seem = appear
Students seem to face serious pressure due to countless homework.
Learners appear to be under severe stress because they have so
many assignments.
(note: much many)
3. Change active voice to passive and vice versa.
(note: this strategy is not always possible or desirable)
Students seem to be under serious stress because they have so much
homework.
As they are given too much assignments, students appear to be under
a lot of pressure.
4. Change word forms.
Students seem to be under serious stress because they have
so much homework.
Students feel seriously stressed because they have so much
homework.
Guidelines for Paraphrasing
Now put all the strategies together:
Students seem to be under serious stress because they have so much
homework.
Because so many assignments are being given to students, they appear
to be seriously stressed.
good paraphrase!
Exercises A: Choose the synonyms of the underlined word.
1. It is not ethical to cheat on tests.
a. Okay
b. Moral
2. He felt uneasy, but he didn’t know why.
a. Fearful
b. Anxious
3. Eyes pained by dust secrete a lot of tears.
a. Hurt
b. Irritated
4. There is a lot of moisture in the air.
a. Wetness
b. humidity
Exercises B: Choose the best paraphrase.
1. Fatma worried about passing the very difficult test.
a. Receiving a passing grade on the difficult exam concerned Fatma.
b. Fatma was worried about receiving good marks on the test, which was very hard.
2. Anxiety is a feeling. It occurs when someone dreads something
unknown.
a. Anxiety, which is a feeling, is felt by people who do not know why they are
uneasy.
b. The feeling of anxiety results when someone is uneasy but doesn’t know why.
3. Peter didn’t arrive in time to see Lucy.
Now try this simple exercise!
a. Peter didn’t meet Lucy because he arrived late.
b. Lucy came too late so she couldn’t see Peter.
c. Peter came too early so he wasn’t able to see Lucy.
4. “Leave my house now or I’ll call the police,” the lady said to the man.
d. The lady told the man to leave the house and call the police.
e. The lady wanted the man to leave the house and call the police.
f. The lady threatened to call the police if he didn’t leave the house.
5. He last had his eyes tested 10 months ago.
g. He hasn’t had his eyes tested for 10 months.
h. He has to have his eyes tested within 10 months.
i. He tested his eyes every month for 10 months.
Activity # 3: Paraphrase the following statements based on your own understanding.
Change is the end result of true learning.
You can never cross the ocean until you have the courage to lose sight of
the shore. –
Christopher Columbus
Criteria:
Content 40%
Accuracy 40%
Grammar 20%
Total 100%
REFERENCE
English for Academic and Professional Purposes; Grace M.
Saqueton, Marikit Tara A. Uychoco
Photo Credit: www.pppst.com
THANK
YOU!
