Discovering

Literature as a Tool to
Assert One’s Unique
Identity and to
Better Understand
other People
 Objectives
[Link] literature
[Link] the value of reading various
literary works
[Link] literature as a tool to assert one’s
unique identity and to better understand
other people.
 refers to writings in prose
or verse having excellent
forms that express
permanent and universal
LITERATURE ideas. It is a tool to assert
one’s identity and to
understand other people
better
PROSE and POETRY
 Prose

1 2
A form of language It applies a natural flow of
that has no formal speech, and ordinary
metrical structure. grammatical structure rather
than a rhythmic one such as
in the case of traditional
poetry.
COMMON TYPES OF
PROSE
[Link] Prose
[Link] Prose
[Link] Prose
[Link] Poetry
 1. NONFICTIONAL PROSE
It is a literary work that is mainly based on
FACTS, though it may contain fictional
elements in certain cases. Examples include
BIOGRAPHIES and ESSAYS.
 2. FICTIONAL PROSE
It is a literary work that is wholly or partly
imagined and theoretical. Examples are
NOVELS.
 3. HEROIC PROSE
It is a literary work that may be written
down or recited, and employs many of the
formulaic expressions found in oral
tradition. Examples are LEGENDS and
TALES.
 4. PROSE POETRY
It is a literary work that exhibits poetic
quality through using emotional effects and
heightened imagery but are written in
PROSE INSTEAD OF VERSE.
EXAMPLES OF PROSE IN
LITERATURE
SHORT STORY
It is a fully developed story which is shorter
than a novel and longer than a fable. Short
stories focus on the incidents bigger or
smaller and evokes strong feelings from
its readers. A short story often has a few
characters in the plot. The standard
features of short stories include
exposition, complication, crisis, climax,
and resolution of the crisis. However, it is
not essential that all short stories follow
the same pattern.
 NOVEL
It a long narrative work of fiction with some
realism. It is often in prose form and published
as a single book. The word “novel” has been
derived from the Italian word “novella” which
means “new.” Similar to a short story, a novel
has some features like representation of
characters, dialogues, setting, plot, climax,
conflict and resolution. However, it does not
require all the elements to be a good novel.
There are many types of novels. They include
mysteries, thrillers, suspense, detective, science
fiction, romantic, historical, realist, or even
postmodern.
 ESSAY
● It is a short, academic composition. The
word “essay” is derived from a French
word “essai” or “essayer”, which means
“trail.” in a composition, an essay is a piece
of non-fiction writing that talks or discusses
a specific topic. Generally, a typical essay
has five paragraphs including an
introduction, three body paragraphs, and a
conclusion.
POETRY
Like other forms of literature, poetry is
written to share ideas, express emotions, and
create imagery. Poets choose words for their
meaning and acoustics, arranging them to
create a tempo known as the meter. Some
poems incorporate rhyme schemes with two
or more lines that end in like-sounding
words.
Poetry is a type of literature that conveys a thought,
describes a scene, or tells a story in a concentrated, lyrical
arrangement of words. Poems can be structured with
rhyming lines and meter. The rhythm and emphasis of a line
is based on syllabic beats. Poems can also be freeform,
which allows no formal structure. The basic building block
of a poem is a verse known as a stanza. A stanza is a
grouping of lines related to the same thought or topic,
similar to a paragraph in prose. A stanza can be subdivided
based on the number of lines it contains. For example, a
couplet is a stanza with two lines.
FORMS OF POETRY
 LYRIC POETRY
A lyric poem is a short, highly musical verse that
conveys powerful feelings. The poet may use
rhyme, meter or other literary devices to create a
song-like quality. Lyric poetry does not have to tell
a story. A lyric poem is a private expression of
emotion by a single speaker. It has the following
types:
Elegy- a mournful, sad or melancholic
poem or song that expresses sorrow for
someone who has been lost or died.
Ode- a lyric poem that expresses
intense feelings, such as love,
respect, or praise someone or
something.
 Sonnet- it uses 14 lines that follow
iambic pentameter with five pairs of
accented and unaccented syllables.
Ballad- a type of poem that
tells a story and is
traditionally set to music.
 NARRATIVE POETRY
A narrative poem in literature is a poem which tells a story.
It has a full storyline with all the elements of a traditional
story. These elements include characters, plot, conflict and
resolution, setting and action. Although a narrative poem
does not need a rhyming pattern, it is a metered poem with
clear objectives to reach a specific audience. These poems
include old epics, plays, and ballads.
 EPIC- a long narrative poem that is
usually related to the heroic deeds of
a person of an unusual courage and
unparalleled bravery.
 METRICAL TALE- a type of poem
that follows a narrative format;
featuring characters, plot, setting and
a theme.
METRICAL ROMANCE- a kind of
poetry dealing with the emotions or
phases of life.
 DRAMATIC POETRY
This is also known as dramatic verse or verse
drama. It is a written work that both tells a story
and connects the reader to an audience through
emotions or behavior. A form of narrative closely
related to acting, it usually performed physically
and can be either spoken or sung.
 TRAGEDY- a story or drama that
presents an admirable or courageous
character that confronts powerful
forces inside and/or outside of
themselves.
 DRAMA- a mode of fictional
representation through dialogue and
performance
 FARCE- a literary and type of
comedy that makes use of highly
exaggerated and funny situations
aimed at entertaining the audience
COMEDY- it is generally defined as
a literary work that is written to
amuse or entertain a reader.
 MELODRAMA- an
exaggerated form of drama
where authors enhance the
storylines in order to tug the
heartstrings of the audience.
to wrap up the
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