Percentages
Objectives:
D Grade Increase or decrease a quantity by a given
percentage
C Grade Work out a percentage increase or decrease
Prior knowledge:
Understand :
Finding percentages of quantities – calculator and non calculator
Percent to decimal conversion (i.e. percent ÷ 100)
Use of percentage multipliers to find the percentage of a quantity
Percentages
Percentage increase
Find the percentage of the quantity and add it to the original
Example 1:
2
Increase 200 by 12% 12 × 200 = 24
cancel common factors 100
200 + 24 = 224
Example 2:
40 4 × 270 = 108
Increase 270 by 40% ≡
100 10
cancel common factors
270 + 108 = 378
Percentages
Percentage decrease
Find the percentage of the quantity and subtract it from the original
Example 1:
2
Decrease 200 by 12% 12 × 200 = 24
cancel common factors 100
200 - 24 = 176
Example 2:
40 4 × 270 = 108
Decrease 270 by 40% ≡
100 10
cancel common factors
270 - 108 = 162
Percentages
Now do these:
1. Increase 250 by 10% 275
2. Decrease 500 by 6% 470
3. Decrease 24 by 25% 18
4. Increase 80 by 30% 104
5. Increase £4.20 by 15% £4.83
Percentages
Percentage increase
When calculating a percentage increase of a quantity we are
starting with 100% and then we add the percentage asked for.
e.g. Increase a quantity by 23%
100 % + 23 % = 123 %
100 % + 23 % = 123 %
In order to do this calculation we write the percent as a
fraction in hundredths. So this becomes:
100 + 23 = 123 This is called the
Now 123 = 1.23
100 100 100 percentage multiplier for
100
a percentage increase
Percentages
Example :
Increase 345 by 56%
100 % + 56 % = 156 % 156 = 1.56
100
the percentage multiplier is 1.56
345 × 1.56 = 538.2
Percentages
Now do these:
1. Increase 125 by 16% 125 × 1.16 = 145
Percentage multiplier is 1.16
2. Increase 340 by 9% 340 × 1.09 = 370.6
Percentage multiplier is 1.09
3. Increase 575 by 22% 575 × 1.22 = 701.5
Percentage multiplier is 1.22
4. Increase 84 by 1.3% 80 × 1.013 = 81.04
Percentage multiplier is 1.013
5. Increase £6.30 by 17.5% 6.30 × 1.175 = £7.40
Percentage multiplier is 1.175
Percentages
Percentage decrease
When calculating a percentage decrease of a quantity we are
starting with 100% and then we subtract the percentage asked
for.
e.g. decrease a quantity by 23%
100 % - 23 % = 77 %
100 % - 23 % = 77 %
In order to do this calculation we write the percent as a
fraction in hundredths. So this becomes:
100 - 23 = 77 This is called the
Now 77 = 0.77
100 100 100 percentage multiplier for
100
a percentage decrease
Percentages
Example :
Decrease 345 by 56%
100 % - 56 % = 44 % 44 = 0.44
100
the percentage multiplier is 0.44
345 × 0.44 = 151.8
Percentages
Now do these:
1. Decrease 137 by 13% 137 × 0.87 = 119.19
Percentage multiplier is 0.87
2. Decrease 78 by 6% 78 × 0.94 = 73.32
Percentage multiplier is 0.94
3. Decrease 623 by 37% 623 × 0.63 = 392.49
Percentage multiplier is 0.63
4. Decrease 467 by 1.3% 467 × 0.987 = 460.929
Percentage multiplier is 0.987
5. Decrease £7.45 by 17.5% 7.45 × 0.825 = £6.15
Percentage multiplier is 0.825
Percentages
To summarise percentage calculations
Original quantity × percentage multiplier = new quantity
By understanding how to rearrange equations you can find any
of the three if you know the other two.
Worksheet 1 Percentages
Mixed Non-Calculator
1. Todd is paid £350 per week. He gets a 4% pay rise.
What is his new weekly pay? £364
2. A package holiday is priced at £660. Julie gets a 10% discount
for booking before the end of January. How much does she
pay? £594
3. Chris has 50 books on his shelves. Jenny has 12% more books.
£56
How many books has Jenny got?
4. A train ticket is priced at £48. In the new year the cost increases
by 2½ %. What is the new cost of the train£49.20
ticket?
5. £329
A music centre costs £280. VAT is added at 17 ½ %.
Worksheet 2 Percentages
Mixed Calculator
1. Sarah’s salary is £13 575 per year. Her annual bonus is 1¾% of
her salary. How much does she earn altogether?
£13 812.56
2. Jack sells computers. He is paid commission of 8¼% on
his sales. Last year he sold computers worth £85 496.
How much was his commission? £7 053.42
3. Nathan buys a new Fiat for £12 499. Over 2 years it
depreciates
£6 874.45
by 45%. What is the value after 2 years
4. The population of Newtown was 74 970 in 2008. By
2009 the population had decreased by 27%. What is the
54 728
population in
2009. £7.40
Worksheet 1 Percentages
Mixed Non-Calculator
1. Todd is paid £350 per week. He gets a 4% pay rise.
What is his new weekly pay?
2. A package holiday is priced at £660. Julie gets a 10% discount
for booking before the end of January. How much does she
pay?
3. Chris has 50 books on his shelves. Jenny has 12% more books.
How many books has Jenny got?
4. A train ticket is priced at £48. In the new year the cost increases
by 2½ %. What is the new cost of the train ticket?
5. A music centre costs £280. VAT is added at 17 ½ %.
Worksheet 2 Percentages
Mixed Calculator
1. Sarah’s salary is £13 575 per year. Her annual bonus is 1¾% of
her salary. How much does she earn altogether?
2. Jack sells computers. He is paid commission of 8¼% on
his sales. Last year he sold computers worth £85 496.
How much was his commission?
3. Nathan buys a new Fiat for £12 499. Over 2 years it
depreciates
by 45%. What is the value after 2 years
4. The population of Newtown was 74 970 in 2008. By
2009 the population had decreased by 27%. What is the
population in
2009.
