O M A NT IC AND V ICTOR IA N POETRY
ORIAN E RA A ND POE TRY
INTRODUCTION TO VICT
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MA’AM SALMA JABEEN
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GROUP MEMBERS
HAFSA JAVED 254
MALAIKA BAKHTAWAR244
ANEELA AMBREEN 215
ATIYA MAHMOOD 202
OUTLINES
INTRODUCTION TO VICTORIAN ERA AND POETRY
CHARACTERISTICS OF VICTORIAN POETRY
DISCUSSION ON MAJOR VICTORIAN POETS
INTRODUCTION TO MINOR POETS
• INTRODUCTION TO VICTORIAN ERA
DATE. 1838. 1901
• CHARACTERISTICS
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
CHANGING LANDSCAPE
A CLASS BASED SOCIETY
A GROWING STATE AND ECONOMY
DEVELOPMENT IN SCIENCE
CHANGE IN RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
• INTRODUCTION TO VICTORIAN POETRY
• . VICTORIAN POETRY SUCCEEDED THE AGE OF ROMANTICISM AND LASTED DURING 1830-1901. APART
FROM THE REMARKABLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHANGES THAT TOOK PLACE UNDER THE REIGN OF
QUEEN VICTORIA
• , THE LITERATURE OF THIS AGE ALSO VOICED THE STRONG OPINION OF MANY NOTABLE POETS SUCH
AS MATHEW ARNOLD, ROBERT BROWNING, LORD TENNYSON AND OTHERS. .
• MANY OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF VICTORIAN POETRY WERE AN EXTENSION OF
ROMANTIC POETRY. THE CONTEMPORARY INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTS, ECONOMIC CHANGES
AND RELIGIOUS REVOLTS ALSO MADE UP FOR A LARGE PART OF VICTORIAN POETRY.
• THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE VICTORIAN POETRY ARE AS:-
• THE VICTORIAN POETS WROTE ON MULTIPLE THEMES AND SUBJECTS WHICH IS WHY VICTORIAN
POETRY NEEDS TO BE ANALYZED BY SEPARATING THE VICTORIAN POETS FROM THE PRE-
RAPHAELITES.
• CONFLICT BETWEEN RELIGION AND SCIENCE-
• SHOWING THE RESPONSIBILITY-
• USE OF SENSORY ELEMENTS-
• PESSIMISM-
• INTEREST IN MEDIEVAL FABLES AND LEGENDS-
• REALISM
• SENTIMENTALITY
• DEVELOPMENT OF DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE
INTRODUCTION TO MAJOR AND MINOR POETS
ALFRED LORD TENNYSON.
• EARLY LIFE.
• BORN: AUGUST 6, 1809, IN THE VILLAGE OF SOMERSBY, LINCOLNSHIRE, ENGLAND.
• HE WAS A NATIONAL POET OF ENGLAND.
• ENGLISH POET OFTEN REGARDED AS THE CHIEF REPRESENTATIVE OF THE VICTORIAN AGE IN POETRY.
• ALFRED WAS A BRIGHT AND TALENTED BOY, AND THE FINE PHYSIQUE AND MANLY GOOD LOOKS WHICH
CHARACTERIZED HIM AS AN ADULT WERE NOTICEABLE EVEN AT AN EARLY AGE.
• HE WAS THE FOURTH OF TWELVE CHILDREN.
FAMILY.
• HE HAD SEVEN BROTHERS AND FOUR SISTERS.
• SPOUSE: EMILY TENNYSON. (9 JULY 1813 – 10 AUGUST 1896)
• CHILDREN: HALLAM TENNYSON, LIONEL TENNYSON
• PARENTS: HIS PARENTS WERE THE REVEREND GEORGE CLAYTON TENNYSON AND ELIZABETH FYTCHE
TENNYSON.
• HIS FATHER WAS AN EDUCATED MAN, BUT WAS RELATIVELY POOR.
• HE WAS A COUNTRY CLERGYMAN (CHURCH OFFICIAL).
EDUCATION.
• IN 1816, TENNYSON ATTENDED A KING EDWARD VI GRAMMAR SCHOOL IN THE NEARBY TOWN OF LOUTH, OF WHICH HE LATER HAD VERY UNHAPPY MEMORIES.
• IN 1820, WHEN HIS FATHER BEGAN TO SUFFER FROM FREQUENT MENTAL BREAKDOWN OWING TO EXCESSIVE DRINKING, ALFRED WAS BROUGHT BACK TO BE TUTORED AT
HOME.
• IN 1827 ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON, ENTERED TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.
• TENNYSON DEMONSTRATED HIS LITERARY TALENTS QUITE EARLY, AND BY THE AGE OF FOURTEEN HAD WRITTEN A DRAMA IN BLANK VERSE AND A 6000-LINE EPIC POEM.
• HE WAS ALSO INTERESTED IN THE STUDY OF SCIENCE, PARTICULARLY ASTRONOMY AND GEOLOGY.
• THERE HE MADE LASTING FRIENDSHIPS AND HIS REPUTATION AS A POET INCREASED.
• IN 1831 TENNYSON’S FATHER DIED, AND HIS GRANDFATHER DISCOVERED HIS FATHER’S DEBTS.
• AS A RESULT, HE LEFT CAMBRIDGE WITHOUT TAKING A DEGREE.
• TENNYSON DEMONSTRATED HIS LITERARY TALENTS QUITE EARLY, AND BY THE AGE OF FOURTEEN HAD WRITTEN A DRAMA IN BLANK VERSE AND A 6000-LINE EPIC POEM.
• HE WAS ALSO INTERESTED IN THE STUDY OF SCIENCE, PARTICULARLY ASTRONOMY AND GEOLOGY.
FAMOUS WORKS.
• “ULYSSES”
• “LOCKSLEY HALL”
• “CROSSING THE BAR”
• “ IN MEMORIAM”
• “THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE”
CHARACTERISTICS OF TENNYSON’S POETRY.
• HIS POETRY IS DIDACTIC.
• HE FOCUSES ON INDIVIDUALITY RATHER THAN UNIVERSALITY, JUST LIKE THE PRECEDING WRITERS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.
• THE THEMES OF TENNYSON’S POETRY ARE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE VICTORIAN AGE.
• HE DEALS WITH THE THEME OF SPIRITUALITY AND PHILOSOPHY IN HIS POETRY AND USES PROPER DICTION. HE TALKS ABOUT THE ESTABLISHMENT OF LAW
IN BOTH THE NATURAL WORLD AND THE SPIRITUAL WORLD.
• BECAUSE OF TENNYSON’S DEEP UNDERSTANDING OF RHYME AND RHYTHM, HIS POETRY HAS A VARIETY OF STYLES
• HE EMPLOYED ALLUSIONS, MOTIFS, SYMBOLS, AND IMAGES IN HIS POETRY. THE IMPRISONED WOMAN AND KING ARTHUR AND CAMELOT ARE HIS MAJOR
SYMBOLS.
• SOME OF HIS POETRY HAS A SIMPLE AND COMMON LANGUAGE, WHEREAS SOME OF HIS POETRY EMPLOYED EXCESSIVELY SENSUOUS LANGUAGE.
• HE WAS MUCH INTERESTED IN SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES; THEREFORE, HIS POETRY HAS SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE AND ALSO EMPLOYED POETIC DICTION AND
METAPHOR SCIENCE. HIS LANGUAGE IS BLENDED WITH CONTRASTING IMAGES THAT RECUR THROUGHOUT THE POEM.
DEATH AND LEGACY
• THE POET SUFFERED FROM GOUT, AND EXPERIENCED A RECURRENCE THAT GREW WORSE IN THE LATE
SUMMER OF 1892.
• LATER THAT YEAR, ON OCTOBER 6, AT THE AGE OF 83, TENNYSON PASSED AWAY AT HIS ALDWORTH HOME
IN SURREY.
• HE WAS BURIED IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY'S POETS' CORNER.
• ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING:
INTRODUCTION:
• ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING WAS ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS AND PROLIFIC POETS OF
THE VICTORIAN PERIOD, WITH A CAREER SPANNING FOUR DECADES.
• DURING THIS TIME SHE ESTABLISHED HERSELF AS A WOMAN WHO WAS NEVER AFRAID TO
EXPRESS HER VIEWS ON CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ISSUES, A POSITION
WHICH OFTEN MARKED HER OUT AS UNCONVENTIONAL AND COMBATIVE.
CHILDHOOD :
• BORN ON MARCH 6, 1806, AT COXHOE HALL, DURHAM, ENGLAND. SHE WAS THE OLDEST OF 12
CHILDREN, AND HER FAMILY MADE THEIR FORTUNE FROM JAMAICAN SUGAR PLANTATIONS.
• EDUCATED AT HOME, BARRETT WAS A PRECOCIOUS READER AND WRITER.
• HAVING DELVED INTO CLASSICS SUCH AS THE WORKS OF JOHN MILTON AND WILLIAM
SHAKESPEARE BEFORE HER TEEN YEARS, SHE ALSO WROTE HER FIRST BOOK OF POETRY BY AGE 12.
• ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS AND
• PROLIFIC POETS OF THE VICTORIAN PERIOD,
• WITH A CAREER SPANNING FOUR DECADES.
• EARLY LIFE:
•
HER FIRST BOOK IN 1820, THE BATTLE OF MARATHON, WHICH HER FATHER BOUND AND RELEASED PRIVATELY.
• IN 1826, SHE (ANONYMOUSLY) PUBLISHED THE COLLECTION AN ESSAY ON MIND AND OTHER POEMS, WHICH
BECAME A TOUCHSTONE IN HER WRITING CAREER.
• BARRETT’S MOTHER DIED TWO YEARS LATER AND HER FATHER’S BUSINESS FOUNDERED, FORCING HIM TO
SELL THEIR ESTATE.
• SHE MARRIED WITH ROBERT BROWNING.
• SHE DIED ON JUNE .29, 1860 DUE TO MYALGIC.
• WRITING STYLE:
• ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING WROTE ABOUT INDUSTRIALIZATION, SLAVERY,
POLITICAL LEADERSHIP, RELIGIOUS CONTROVERSY, THE PROBLEMS FACED BY WOMEN IN
SOCIETY, AND WHAT IT WAS LIKE TO LIVE IN THE MODERN WORLD.
• SHE ALWAYS QUESTIONED AND JUDGED CONVENTIONAL VIEWS AND WAS NEVER
CONCERNED THAT SHE MIGHT OFFEND READERS BY WHAT SHE HAD TO SAY.
MAJOR WORKS:
• THE CRY OF THE CHILDREN 1848.
• SONNETS FROM THE PORTUGUESE1950.
• AURORA LEIGH 1857.
