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Packed Column

Packed columns provide continuous gas-liquid contact for processes like distillation, gas absorption, and liquid-liquid extraction. They have no actual plates but instead use structured packing to provide a large interfacial area for mass transfer. Vapors flow upward through the packing counter-currently to a downward flowing reflux liquid, achieving a perfect counter-current arrangement. The height of the packed column required for a given number of ideal stages is calculated using the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) concept, with HETP relationships like the Murch and Ellis equations relating packing properties and operating conditions to the HETP value.

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Malik Shahzad
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47 views11 pages

Packed Column

Packed columns provide continuous gas-liquid contact for processes like distillation, gas absorption, and liquid-liquid extraction. They have no actual plates but instead use structured packing to provide a large interfacial area for mass transfer. Vapors flow upward through the packing counter-currently to a downward flowing reflux liquid, achieving a perfect counter-current arrangement. The height of the packed column required for a given number of ideal stages is calculated using the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) concept, with HETP relationships like the Murch and Ellis equations relating packing properties and operating conditions to the HETP value.

Uploaded by

Malik Shahzad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Separation Process-II

Ch-306

1
Packed Columns
• Processes using packed columns:
• Distillation
• Gas Absorption
• Liquid-liquid extraction
• Continuous gas liquid contact
• No stages involved
• Good gas and liquid distribution throughout the column
• Large interfacial area for diffusion
• Vapors flow upward and reflux steadily goes down, giving perfect counter
current flow arrangement
2
Packed column for Gas Absorption Packed column for Distillation

3
Comparison of a plate and packed column

4
Packings
Raschig Rings Pall Rings

Berl Saddle Ceramic Intallox Saddle Ceramic Metal Hypac Ceramic, Super Intallox

5
6
Calculation of Enrichment in Packed
Columns
• In a plate column, vapor leaving the plate will be richer in more
volatile component than the vapor entering the plate, by one
equilibrium step.
• The same enrichment of vapor will occur in a certain height of
packing, suggested by Peter and known as HETP, height equivalent of
a theoretical plate.
• All sections of packing will be same physically, so:
• One equilibrium stage=height of packing
• Required height of packing=HETP*(no. of ideal stages required)

7
Murch relationship
• Column diameter = 50-70 mm
• Packing height = 0.9-3 m
• Most of conditions of total reflux
• Vapor rate = 0.18-2.5 kg/m2s which correspond to 25-80% flooding
𝐻𝐸𝑇𝑃 =𝐶 1 𝐺
′𝐶2 𝐶3
𝑑𝑐 𝑍
1 /3
( 𝛼 𝜇𝐿
𝜌𝐿 )
• C1, C2 and C3 are constants, vary with packing type given in table 11.4

8
Ellis relationship
• Equation for HETP (Zt) of packed column using 25 and 50 mm Raschig
rings:
[ ]
′
𝐺
𝑍 𝑡 =18 𝑑 𝑟 + 12 𝑚 ′
−1
𝐿

• dr= the diameter of the rings


• m= average slope of equilibrium curve
• G’=vapor flow rate
• L’=liquid flow rate

9
• HETP concept is used to convert empirically the number of theoretical
stages to packing height.
• most data is for small scale operations, do not provide a good guide
for full-scale plant.

10
11

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