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Discrete Probability Distribution Explained

This document discusses probability distributions for discrete random variables. It provides examples of constructing probability distributions when rolling dice, tossing coins, or drawing numbers from boxes. A discrete probability distribution consists of the possible values a random variable can take and the corresponding probabilities. The probabilities must be between 0 and 1 and sum to 1. The document also discusses representing discrete distributions as histograms.

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Hanz Wendell
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87 views9 pages

Discrete Probability Distribution Explained

This document discusses probability distributions for discrete random variables. It provides examples of constructing probability distributions when rolling dice, tossing coins, or drawing numbers from boxes. A discrete probability distribution consists of the possible values a random variable can take and the corresponding probabilities. The probabilities must be between 0 and 1 and sum to 1. The document also discusses representing discrete distributions as histograms.

Uploaded by

Hanz Wendell
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Probability distribution for a

discrete random variable and its


properties.
Discrete random variable

Objective:

1. Illustrate a probability distribution for a discrete random


variable and its properties.
2. Compute probabilities corresponding to a given random
variable.
3. Construct the probability mass function of a discrete random
variable and its corresponding histogram.
Discrete random variable

DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

A discrete random variable consists of the values a random


variable can assume and the corresponding probabilities.
Discrete random variable

Example: if two coins are tossed, what are the possible outcomes? If X
is the random variable for the number of head.
Possible Variable X
Outcome (Number of
Heads) No Heads One Head Two Heads
HH 2
HT 1
TH 1
Number of 0 1 2
TT 0 Heads
Probability,
P(x)
Discrete random variable

Example 2.
Construct a probability distribution for rolling a single die.

What is the probability of getting the sample space if you will roll a single
die?
Sample Space

Outcome, 1 2 3 4 5 6
X
P(X)
Discrete random variable

PROPERTIES OF DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

1. The sum of all probabilities should be 1.

2. Probabilities should be confined between zero (0) and 1.


Discrete random variable

Example 3. Determine whether the distribution is a discrete probability


distribution.

𝟎 ≤𝐏 ( 𝐗 ) ≤ 𝟏 𝑷 ( 𝑿 )=𝟏

No, it is not a discrete probability Yes, it is a discrete


distribution, P(x) cannot be -0.3. probability distribution.
Discrete random variable

Example 3: Supposed three coins are tossed. Let Y be the random


variable representing the number of tails. Construct the probability
distribution and draw the histogram.
Possible Value of the Number of 0 1 2 3
Outcomes random variable Y tails Y
(number of tails)
Possible
Outcomes
HHH 0
HHT 1
HTH 1
HTT 2
THH 1
THT 2
TTH 2
TTT 3
Discrete random variable

Example 4: Box A and Box B contain 1, 2, 3, 4. Write the probability


mass function and draw the histogram of the sum when one number
from each box is taken at a time, with replacement.
x 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(x)

(1, 1) (2, 1) (3, 1) (4, 1)


(1, 2) (2, 2) (3, 2) (4, 2)
(1, 3) (2, 3) (3, 3) (4, 3)
(1, 4) (2, 4) (3, 4) (4, 4)

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