International
Fares and Ticketing
LESSON 2
LUZVIMINDA O. TUGADE
At the end of this course, students are expected to:
• locate cities, airports and countries according to their IATA Traffic Conference areas and sub-
areas;
• code and decode cities, airports, countries and currencies;
• accurately identify and use air tariff passenger resources
• describe air routes and flight structures;
• describe and identify the appropriate global indicator of a routing;
• recognize the significant carrier in a multi-carrier routing;
• interpret different fare bases codes
• interpret fare rules and ticket restrictions;
• use the most applicable currencies when quoting fares and apply the appropriate rules and
rounding procedures;
• perform basic fare calculations
• discuss airline jargons
Fast facts about IATA
What is IATA
It is a trade organization of the world’s major passenger and cargo airlines with:
• A. Scheduled services
• B. Non-scheduled services
• C. Both (maintains IOSA _IATA Operational Safety Audit)
IATA means
• A. International Air Traffic Association
• B. International Air Transport Association
IATA was founded on
• A. 1919 – Hague, Netherlands
• B. 1945 – Havana, Cuba
Fast facts about IATA
As of 2023, IATA has
• A. More than 300 major airline members
• B. Less than 300 airline members
Travel agents as IATA
MEMBERS?
• A. YES
• B. NO, Accreditation only.
IATA divided the world
into
• A. 6 traffic conferences
• B. 3 traffic conferences
A scheduled airline is an airline that works to
a specific schedule. Just like a bus, a
Fast facts about IATA scheduled airline will work to a timetable.
Seats will be sold to passengers and the flight
It is a trade organization of the world’s major passenger should operate as planned regardless of how
What is IATA
and cargo airlines with: many seats are sold.
• A. Scheduled services
• B. Non-scheduled services
• C. Both (maintains IOSA _IATA Operational Safety Audit) A non-scheduled airline is a company that
offers unscheduled air transport services of
passengers or goods at an hourly or per mile /
kilometer charge for chartering the entire
IATA means
aircraft along with crew. A non-scheduled
• A. International Air Traffic Association airline may hold domestic or international
• B. International Air Transport Association
licenses, or both, and operates under the
regulations prescribed by its national civil
aviation authority
IATA was founded
on The IATA Operational Safety Audit (IOSA)
• A. 1919 – Hague, Netherlands Program is an internationally recognized and
• B. 1945 – Havana, Cuba
accepted evaluation system designed to
assess the operational management and
control systems of an airline.
Fast facts about IATA
As of 2023, IATA
has
• A. More than 300 major airline members
• B. Less than 300 airline members
Travel agents as
IATA MEMBERS?
• A. YES
• B. NO, Accreditation only.
IATA divided the
There are 3 three traffice conference areas in
world into aviations, Traffic Conference Areas is the term
• A. 6 traffic conferences used by IATA to divide the World Map to 3
• B. 3 traffic conferences
different areas. TCA 1 or Area 1 – consists of
North and south america TCA2 or Area 2-
consists of Europe , Middle East. and west side
of Russia
IATA TRAFFIC CONFERENCE AREAS
A one-way (OW) flight is a flight that is booked from a passenger's
departure airport to their intended destination airport with no
scheduled return trip.
A return journey (RT) is booked from the passenger’s country of
commencement to their intended destination/farthest
intermediate point with a scheduled trip to the country of origin.
A one-way (OW) direct flight has only one way fare component.
MNL_HKG
A one-way indirect (OWI) flight has more than one way fare
components. MNL_TPE_YYC
An open jaw journey has a surface segment and marked in the
passenger’s itinerary as ARNK (arrival unknown) segment.
A roundtrip journey is a return journey which has two identical
outbound fare and inbound fare components MNL_HKG_MNL
A circle Trip is a return journey in which the outbound routing is
different than the inbound routing or the routing is the same but
different airlines or classes of service are used in each direction.
NYC_ATL_MIA_NYC
Types of open jaw flights:
•Destination open-jaw, where a passenger flies from one city to another, but
returns to the original city from a different place. For example, depart London to
New York, but on the return trip fly from Philadelphia to London.
•Origin open-jaw, where the passenger leaves from one city to another but returns
to a different place. For example, flying from London to New York, but returning
from New York to Manchester.
•Double open-jaw, where two totally separate fares exist. For example, flying from
London to New York, but on the return trip flying from Boston to Manchester.
Using different airports in the same city is not considered an open-jaw, so a
passenger on a London to JFK trip who returned from Newark would still be a
simple round trip as both airports are considered to be in New York.
Open Jaw
Anatomy of a journey
BKK - TG - HKG - CX - TPE - CI - SYD
BKK HKG_TPE SYD
• ORIGIN • INTERMEDIATE POINTS • DESTINATION
• COC • STOPOVER OR TRANSIT POINTS • ULTIMATE STOPPING PLACE
LAX - AA - NYC - BA - LON - UA - NYC - DL - LAX
LAX LAX_NYC_ LON LON_NYC_LAX
• ORIGIN • OUTBOUND SECTOR • INBOUND SECTOR
• COC • LON IS THE FARE BREAKPOINT
Significant Carrier Determination- The significant carrier is the airline
whose fares are applicable for a fare component.
Marketing
Carrier
Significant Airline Validating/
Plating
Carrier
Functions Carrier
Operating
Carrier
Significant Carrier Determination- The significant carrier is the airline
whose fares are applicable for a fare component. Following rules apply to
the selection of the most significant carrier (MSC) in an international
journey
AREA TO AREA
CROSSING
MSC
FIRST
INTERNATIONAL SUB-AREA TO SUB-
CARRIER AREA CROSSING
JOURNEY MSC CRITERIA MSC
LAX - AA - NYC - BA - LON - AF - PAR - AZ - ROM
LON - BA - ROM - AZ - TYO
BKK - TG - HKG - CX - TPE - CI - SYD
YYZ - AC - NYC - AA - MIA - VA - CCS - RG - RIO
DXB - EI - LON - BA - ROM
CEB_5J_MNL_PR_KUL
JOURNEY MSC CRITERIA MSC
LAX - AA - NYC - BA - LON - AF - PAR - AZ - ROM AREA TO AREA CROSSING BA
(TC 1- TC2)
LON - BA - ROM - AZ - TYO AREA TO AREA CROSSING AZ
(TC 2- TC3)
BKK - TG - HKG - CX - TPE - CI - SYD SUB-AREA TO SUB-AREA CROSSING CI
(SEA – SWP)
YYZ - AC - NYC - AA - MIA - VA - CCS - RG - RIO SUB-AREA TO SUB-AREA CROSSING VA
(NORTH AMERICA – SOUTH AMERICA) (VIRGIN
AUSTRALIA)
DXB - EI - LON - BA - ROM WITHIN A SUB-AREA/FIRST EI
INTERNATIONAL SECTOR (AIR LINGUS)
(EUROPE)
CEB_5J_MNL_PR_KUL FIRST INTERNATIONAL SECTOR PR
( PH TO MALAYSIA)
