HARAMAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Industrial Control Systems
.
May, 2023
Introduction
Industrial Control Systems:
Industrial control system (ICS) is a general term that
encompasses several types of control systems, including
supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems,
distributed control systems (DCS), and other control system
configurations such as Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
often found in the industrial sectors and critical infrastructures.
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Introduction
Industrial Control Systems:
Industrial control system (ICS) are typically used in industries
such as electrical, water and wastewater, oil and natural gas,
chemical, transportation, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper, food
and beverage, and discrete manufacturing (e.g., automotive,
aerospace etc.
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Introduction
Industrial Control Systems:
Fig: ICS Operation
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SCADA
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA):
SCADA refers to the combination of telemetry and data
acquisition.
SCADA encompasses the collecting of the information,
transferring it back to the central site, carrying out any
necessary analysis and control and then displaying that
information on a number of operator screens or displays.
Real time industrial process control systems to monitor and
control remote or local industrial equipment.
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SCADA
A SCADA-based system normally does a supervisory control
rather than the closed loop control normally encountered in
process industries..
The first time a SCADA system was applied was during the thirties
of the last century for supervisory control of substation
equipment connected to a grid.
A SCADA system is an integration of data acquisition from
different field devices at different locations, data transmission,
centralized monitoring and display at a central location, and
taking appropriate control actions on a real-time basis.
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SCADA
A SCADA system is a combination of hardware and software:
Includes a Master Terminal Unit (MTU, which acts as the control
server)
Communication equipment (like radio, cable, telephone line, or
satellite) at the central location.
Remote Terminal Units (RTUs)/PLC.
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SCADA
Components of a SCADA system
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SCADA
Master Terminal Unit (MTU):
The master station, also called the central host or MTU, collects,
stores, and processes data from various RTUs
The jobs performed by an MTU can be put as follows:
It monitors/controls the entire SCADA communication system
It checks the communication link with a RTU, ascertains its
present status, sends a request to the RTU for data/information,
and collects the same.
Displays data/graph visually by using HMI.
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SCADA
Remote Terminal Units (RTUs)
RTU is a microprocessor-based stand-alone data acquisition and
control unit which monitors and controls equipment at remote
locations far-off from the central unit or MTU.
An RTU collects data from field devices, codes them in a form
acceptable by the MTU.
An RTU can be thought of as an advanced Input-Output (I/O)
device with communication facilities embedded in it.
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SCADA
Human-Machine Interface (HMI)
The HMI or SCADA user interface provides interface between
hardware and software in the SCADA communication system.
SCADA performance depends considerably on HMI.
HMI takes the responsibility of ‘supervisory’ operations in a
SCADA system.
HMI is the operator’s window of the supervisory system.
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SCADA
PLC
It is an integral part of any SCADA-based system.
PLC is a microprocessor-based system that uses programmable
memory for storing instructions and implements functions such
as:
logic, sequencing, timing, counting, arithmetic, and
PID control in order to control processes and machines.
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SCADA
The advantages of the SCADA system are:
• The computer can record and store a very large amount of
data.
• The data can be displayed in any way the user requires.
• Thousands of sensors over a wide area can be connected to
the system.
• The operator can incorporate real data simulations into the
system.
• Many types of data can be collected from the RTUs.
• The data can be viewed from anywhere, not just on site.
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SCADA
SCADA system Functions
Data acquisition/collection,
Data communication,
Data presentation, and
Control
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DCS
A distributed control system (DCS)
A distributed control system (DCS) refers to a control system
usually of a manufacturing system, process or any kind of
dynamic system, in which the controller elements are not
central in location (like the brain) but are distributed
throughout the system with each component sub-system.
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DCS
A distributed control system (DCS)
DCS (Distributed Control System) is a computerized control
system used to control the production line in the industry
controlled by one or more controllers.
DCS is a very broad term used in a variety of industries, to
monitor and control distributed equipment.
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DCS
A distributed control system (DCS)
An industrial control system deployed and controlled in a
distributed manner, such that various distributed control
systems or processes are controlled individually.
In a control system, refers to control achieved by intelligence
that is distributed about the process to be controlled rather
than by a centrally located single unit.
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DCS
Distributed Control System architecture: Simplified model
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DCS
Data Historian. The data historian is a centralized database for
logging all process information within an ICS. Information stored
in this database can be accessed to support various analyses,
from statistical process control to enterprise level planning.
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THANKS
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