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Section 2

The document discusses basic Linux operating system concepts and commands. It covers users and privileges, system modes including the graphical user interface and command line, file system structure and paths, and basic commands for navigating, viewing, creating, copying, moving and removing files and directories. Examples are provided for commands like ls, touch, cat, mkdir, cp, mv and rm.

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Ahmed Ibrahim Ghnnam
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25 views16 pages

Section 2

The document discusses basic Linux operating system concepts and commands. It covers users and privileges, system modes including the graphical user interface and command line, file system structure and paths, and basic commands for navigating, viewing, creating, copying, moving and removing files and directories. Examples are provided for commands like ls, touch, cat, mkdir, cp, mv and rm.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Ibrahim Ghnnam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Operating system-1

Users

• Root (administration)
• all privileges
• user id =0
• Normal User
• local user user id >=1000
System mode
• GUI  app on tty1
• Command line interface (TTY) 
Tele-Type Terminal
Window enable you execute set of commands
Default mode on unix & linux
• Tty2  Tty6
• Right Ctrl +f2  Right Ctrl +f6
• GUI Right Ctrl +f1
(File System)Inverted tree
Absolute Path
1. Absolute Path =“ Full path”
/home / eman /Desktop
• Linux is case sensitive
• Pwd  print working directory
• Cd  change directory
EX: Cd /user/share/doc
2. Relative Path

• Move from one place to another using your current path


• EX: /home/eman/Desktop
• Cd . Current working directory
• Cd .. Parent working directory
• Cd ../../..
• Cd / go to root direct
Example
• Current : /user/share/doc
• Target : /home/ali/Desktop

• Using absolute & relative path


• Cd -  previous path
• Cd == Cd ~ “delta”  return to home
• Su root login as new user == (switch user)
• Su only login as root but “the same old location”
• adduser username #add new user
• Userdel username #delete user
• Userdel –r username #delete user&home directory
• Exit
• (ctrl+d) logout from current user
• Passwd username change password of eman

• Passwd change password of current


General form of command

• Command [-option] arguments


• ls (list files) advanced
• Ls –l /path  long list
• Ls –lh  long list human readable
• Ls –lt  long list time access
• Ls –lr reverse
• Ls –lR /home  Recursive
create new file
• Touch f1
• touch f1 f2 f3 # more file
• touch /home/eman/file1 #from another location
• Cat f1 # show content of file
• Nano f
create new directory
// new folder
• mkdir directoryname #create new folder
• Mkdir –p test/t1 #create 2 folder inside others
copy file
• Cp t1 test #on the same place
• Cp /var/t1 /usr # from path to new path
• cp /var/t1 /usr/nt # copy with new name
• Cp –r dir1 dir2
• mv t1 test # move file(rename)
• mv t1 /var
• Mv source des
remove
• rm t1 # remove file
• rmdir d1 #remove empty directory
• rm -r d1 #remove recursive directory
• rm –rf d1 #for not ask you

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