CNG FUEL
CNG –compressed natural gas
It is substitute fossil fuel for DIESEL,PETROL,PROPANE
LOGOS OF CNG
CONTENTS
Preparation
Importance
Advantages
Disadvantages
Solutions
Effects
Comparison with LNG
Comparison with HCNG
Conclusion
PREPARATION
It is made by compressing the natural gas
(composed of methane) to less than 1% of the volume at stnd.
atmospheric pressure. It is stored in hard cylindrical containers at a
pressure of 200-280 bars.
IMPORTANCE
It is cheap than other fuels
It is dispersed quickly when released
It is lighter than air
It releases less carbon into the atm.
COMPARISON OF PRICES
Type of fuel Price in RS.
petrol 74.26
diesel 45.25
CNG 42.35
ADVANTAGES
Due to absence of LEAD or BENGENE , lead fouling of spark plugs
is eliminated.
Low maintenance cost than other vehicles
Increases the life of lubricating oils
It mixes easily and evenly in air
It is less likely ignite on hot surfaces, bcz it has a high auto ignition
temp.(540˚c), and small range of flammability (5%-15%).
Less pollution and more efficiency.
CNG CARS
In cars Several manufacturers (Fiat, Opel (General Motors),
Peugeot, Volkswagen, Toyota, Honda and others) sell bi-fuel cars.
In 2006, “Fiat” introduced the “Siena” Tetra fuel car in the
Brazilian market , equipped with a 1.4L FIRE engine that runs on
E100, E25 (Standard Brazilian Gasoline), Gasoline and CNG.
CNG LOCOMOTIVES
“The Napa Valley Wine Train” successfully retrofit a diesel
locomotive to run on compressed natural gas before 2002. it’s first
locomotive
“Ferrocarril Central Andino” in Peru, has run a CNG Locomotive
on a freight line since 2005.
CNG BIKES
Argentinian company Zanella has launched a CNG powered bike. This
is the first bike in the world to come with a factory fitted CNG power.
in India Bajaj Auto has recently launched its first CNG motorcycle
“Bajaj RE CNG Auto 4 stroke”.
WORLD FIRST CNG BIKE
TOP TEN COUNTRIES WITH MOST CNG VEHICLES-2011
country No. of vehicles in millions
Iran 2.86
Pakistan 2.85
Argentina 2.07
Brazil 1.7
India 1.1
Italy 0.78
China 0.61
Colombia 0.36
Uzbekistan 0.31
Thailand 0.30
World Total 14.8
EXAMPLE
An engine running on petrol for 100 km emits 22,000 grams of
CO2, for same distance on CNG emits only 16,275 grams of CO2.
CNG is essentially CH4 with a c.v. of 900 kJ/mol. It burns with
oxygen to produce 1 mole of CO2 and 2 moles of H2O. By
comparison, petrol is essentially C 6H6 with a c.v. of 3,300 kJ/mol
and this burns to produce 6 moles of CO2 and 3 moles of H2O. So it
gives less pollution .
DISADVANTAGES
Gas storage in a car
DISADVANTAGES
CNG vehicles requires greater amount of space for fuel storage
than conventional gasoline powered vehicles . Since it is a
compressed gas, rather than a liquid like gasoline, CNG takes up
more space for each gasoline gallon equivalent(GGE).
SOLUTIONS
Install the tanks under the body of the vehicle, leaving the trunk
free
Eg. Fiat multipla, Volkswagen Touran Ecofuel,
Volkswagen Caddy Ecofuel.
Installation of tanks on the roof (typical on buses).
EFFECTS
CNG emits significantly less pollutants than petrol such as
Carbon dioxide (CO2),
Unburned hydrocarbons (UHC),
Carbon monoxide (CO),
Nitrogen oxides (NOx),
And sulfur oxides(SOx) ,
COMPARISON WITH LNG
CNG LNG
CNG is stored at high pressure LNG is stored at very low
as a gas. temperature as a liquid.
It has lower cost of production It has higher cost of
storage production and storage
CNG requires a much larger LNG is often used for
volume to store the same mass transporting natural gas over
of gasoline or petrol and the large distances, in ships, trains
use of very high pressures or pipelines, and the gas is
nearly 3000 to 4000 psi, (or) then converted into CNG.
205 to 275 bar.
COMPARISON WITH HCNG
The addition of hydrogen to CNG increases the H/C ratio of the
fuel. HCNG has a flame speed about eight times higher than CNG.
CONCLUSION
Due to this above reasons CNG most useful for vehicles as a fuel
to reduce the pollution and it is cheap than other fuels like petrol
and diesel.
THANK YOU
