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VE Pump and Injector Specifications

The document discusses various components of VE fuel pumps and injector nozzles used in diesel engines. It describes the components and construction of VE pumps, including the naming convention that specifies details like the number of cylinders. It then summarizes the basic design of injectors and describes different types of injector nozzles - hole type, pin type, throttle type, and pintle type. The document explains how these nozzles operate by injecting fuel into combustion chambers under high pressure. It emphasizes the importance of properly adjusting the nozzle opening pressure.

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141 views16 pages

VE Pump and Injector Specifications

The document discusses various components of VE fuel pumps and injector nozzles used in diesel engines. It describes the components and construction of VE pumps, including the naming convention that specifies details like the number of cylinders. It then summarizes the basic design of injectors and describes different types of injector nozzles - hole type, pin type, throttle type, and pintle type. The document explains how these nozzles operate by injecting fuel into combustion chambers under high pressure. It emphasizes the importance of properly adjusting the nozzle opening pressure.

Uploaded by

ግሩም ግብርከ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

VE Pump specification

• EXAMPLE: VE 4 / 9 F 2200 R NDO38


– VE: VE type (Distributor type).
– 4: Number of cylinders
– 9: Plunger diameter
– F: Mechanical type governor
– 2200: Governed pump speed (Max no load
speed)
– R: Direction of rotation (R: Clockwise, L:
Counter clockwise)
– ND038: Design number
4. Injectors & Injector Nozles
• Most manufacturers make injectors to the same
basic design.
4.1. Injector with hole type nozzle
• Construction
– 1 Nozzle holder,
– 2 Nozzle nut,
– 3 Spindle,
– 4 Spring,
– 5 Upper spring plate,
– 6 Spring cap nut,
– 7 Cap nut,
– 8 Joint washer,
– 9 Joint washer,
– 10 Joint washer,
– 11 Inlet adaptor,
– 12 Leak-off connection,
– 13 Banjo screw,
– 14 Nozzle,
– 15 Needle valve

For exploded view:


14 Dowel,
15Nozzle,
16 Needle valve.
4.2. Injector with pin type nozzle
• Construction
Injector Nozzles

Spring-loaded valves
that spray fuel directly
into combustion
chambers
Injector Nozzle Types

• Hole type • Pin type


– Throttle type
– Single hole
– Pintle type
– Multiple hole
…cont
• The type of nozzle to be used is mainly deter­mined by the
combustion process and the shape of the combustion
chamber.
• The multiple hole type is generally used for direct
injection type engines, while the pin type is mainly used
for pre combustion chamber and swirl chamber type
engines.
• Most pin-type nozzles are of the throttle type. Due to the
special shape of the nozzle in this type, only a small
amount of fuel is injected into the pre combustion
chamber at the beginning of injection, but the quantity of
fuel increases near the end of the injection cycle, when
most of the fuel is delivered.
• As most favorable combustion takes place with the
throttle type injection nozzle, diesel knock is prevented,
and fuel consumption is reduced.
Injector Nozzle Operation
(Pin type)
• High pressure fuel flows into the injector nozzle
inlet
• Fuel flows down the fuel passage in the body into
the pressure chamber
• The needle is forced upward, compressing the
spring
• Fuel sprays out in a conical pattern
• Fuel that leaks past the needle returns to the fuel
tank through return lines
Injector Nozzle Operation

With enough injection


pressure, the needle
valve is pushed up and
fuel sprays into the
precombustion chamber
Before injection during injection after injection
• Spray characteristic of a delay (or throttling)
nozzle
Pilot spray Main spray
• Throttle & Pintle
nozzles compared
• Operation of hole type nozzle
• Two stage injection Nozzle
– Used in some recent engines
• Opening at low pressure
is possible (stable idle),
• Pilot injection is possible
Injector opening pressure
• The injection nozzle opening pressure, which differs
depending on the engine, is set to ensure that the fuel
injected by the injection nozzles will mix with the air in
the cylinder and burn in as short a time as possible.
• If the nozzle opening pressure is not correct, it will have
a detrimental effect on the fuel injection timing and
injection volume.
• Therefore, the nozzle opening pressure must always be
correctly adjusted.
• The nozzle opening pressure is adjusted by either
changing the thickness of the adjusting shims or
adjusting screws
• If an adjusting shim is replaced with a thicker shim, the
opening pressure will become……………………..
Necessity for Adjusting Injection Pressure

Opening
Too low Too high
pressure

Injection timing Advanced Retarded

Injection
Too large Too small
volume

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